The Proof:

The final problem: Muhammad lies in a grave in Medina. Jesus rose from the dead and is alive. A living Savior can save; a dead prophet cannot. "Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them" (Hebrews 7:25). If Christ is not raised, faith is futile (1 Corinthians 15:14).

The Proof:

The Quran tells Christians to judge by the Gospel. If the Gospel was corrupt in the 7th century, God commanded them to judge by a fake book. If it wasn't corrupt then, it contradicts Islam (Trinity, Crucifixion) now.

The Proof:

The Hadith in Sunan Ibn Majah 1944 and Musnad Ahmad 26349 is quite explicit. Aisha narrated: "The Verse of stoning and of breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed, and the paper was with me under my pillow. When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it."

This challenges the claim of perfect preservation (Lauh Mahfuz). Contrast this with the Bible's promise: Isaiah 40:8 "The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God endures forever."

The Proof:

According to Sahih Bukhari 4987, Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman urged Uthman to "save this nation before they differ about the Book." Uthman standardized one text (Quraysh dialect) and burned the rest, including the codices of Ibn Masud and Ubayy bin Ka'b. If all copies were identical, burning them would be unnecessary. This political standardization destroyed evidence of early textual variation.

The Proof:

Recorded by Al-Tabari and Ibn Ishaq: Muhammad recited Surah 53 and added verses praising idols ("high-flying cranes"). Later he retracted them, claiming Satanic interference.

Surah 22:52 alludes to this ("Evil One threw a suggestion"). Contrast this with God's nature in 1 John 1:5 ("God is light; in him there is no darkness at all").

The Proof:

In Sahih Bukhari 6830, Umar preached: "...among what Allah revealed, was the Verse of the Rajm... We did recite this Verse... I am afraid that... people may say, 'We do not find the Verse of the Rajm in Allah's Book'."

A verse revealed by God is missing, yet the law (stoning) is applied. This is a clear textual gap.

The Proof:

Surah 2:106 allows "better" verses to replace old ones. The "Sword Verse" (9:5) abrogates ~100 peaceful Meccan verses. God claiming to change His mind is problematic.

The Proof:

The word 'Salah' implies worship or supplication. While translators change it to 'bless', the theological implication of God performing Salah 'upon' a human is problematic. Who does Allah pray to? In contrast, the God of the Bible swears by Himself because there is no one higher (Hebrews 6:13).

The Proof:

Aisha narrated that magic was worked on Muhammad so that he began to imagine that he had done a thing which he had not done. If a prophet can be influenced by Satanic magic, how can we trust his revelation was not also influenced? Contrast with Jesus who cast out demons and was never under their power (Luke 11:20).

The Proof:

Surah 9:67 says "They forgot Allah, so He forgot them." Yet Surah 20:52 says "My Lord does not err or forget." Forgetting is a limitation. If Allah acts tit-for-tat by "forgetting" people, he is subject to reaction and change. The Bible calls God immutable (Malachi 3:6 "I the Lord do not change").

The Proof:

In Arabic, 'makr' implies deception or scheming. The Bible calls Satan the deceiver. A God of Truth should not pride himself on being the best at deception. See Titus 1:2 ("God, who cannot lie").

The Proof:

Unlike Christianity where salvation is assured by faith (1 John 5:13), Muhammad himself said 'By Allah, though I am the Apostle of Allah, yet I do not know what Allah will do to me.' (Bukhari 3929). Millions of Muslims follow a man who didn't know his own destiny.

The Proof:

Muslims claim Prophets are sinless (Ismah), but the Quran commands Muhammad to repent for his 'Dhanb' (Sin). Jesus, in contrast, was sinless: 2 Corinthians 5:21.

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 6922 confirms the death penalty for leaving Islam. This coercion violates 'No compulsion in religion' (2:256 - often considered abrogated). God's kingdom is "Whosoever will" (Revelation 22:17).

The Proof:

The Quran allows sex with "those your right hands possess" even if married. This explicitly legitimizes rape/concubinage in warfare.

The Proof:

Surah 4:34: "...forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them." Hadith (Abu Dawud 2146) confirms this means physical discipline. While some apologists refer to using a "toothbrush" (miswak), the earliest commentaries allow physical striking. Contrast with Ephesians 5:25 ("Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church").

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 5134: "The Prophet... consummated his marriage when I was nine." Aisha narrated that she was playing with dolls when he came to her (Bukhari 6130). This questions the moral example of the "Perfect Man" for all times.

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 3043. Trenches were dug and surrendered prisoners were beheaded in batches. This contradicts the "Mercy to Worlds" claim.

The Proof:

He killed her family at Khaybar, then took her for himself, consummating the marriage on the way back. This shows a lack of empathy.

The Proof:

Muhammad desired Zaynab, wife of Zayd. A verse was revealed abolishing adoption so he could marry her. This served personal desire, not moral good.

The Proof:

At Khaybar, he ordered Zubayr to torture Kinana to reveal gold. Fire was lit on his chest. This violates the prohibition of torture.

The Proof:

Ibn Ishaq records he asked "Who will rid me of Marwan's daughter?" She was killed while suckling a child. He could not handle criticism peacefully.

The Proof:

Ibn Ishaq records Oum Qirfa was executed by tying her legs to two camels and driving them apart. Done by Zayd, Muhammad's general.

The Proof:

Sahih Muslim 3243 confirms Mut'ah was allowed for a time. Essentially, this legalized prostitution.

The Proof:

In Sahih Muslim 1453, Aisha reports the Prophet told a woman to "Breastfeed [a grown man]" to make him Mahram (family). She asked "How... while he is a man?" He said "I know." She breastfed him five times. This is morally repugnant and incoherent.

The Proof:

Sahih Muslim 2767: "On the Day of Resurrection... Allah would say: Throw him into Fire"... and Muhammad explained that the sins of Muslims would be placed on Jews and Christians. This "Scapegoating" is unjust. In Christianity, the sinless Christ takes the blame (2 Corinthians 5:21), not innocent third parties.

The Proof:

Critiques of Christian grace often claim it encourages sin. Yet, Islamic Jihad offers "Instant Paradise" even for a sinner, which is the ultimate license. Christian grace transforms the heart to hate sin. See Romans 6:1 ("Shall we go on sinning...? By no means!").

The Proof:

Surah 23:102: 'Those whose scales are heavy [with good deeds] are the successful.' This burden of performance contrasts with the freedom of Grace in Christ: "For it is by grace you have been saved" (Ephesians 2:8).

The Proof:

Surah 6:164 states "no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another," which is used to deny Atonement. However, Surah 16:25 says they will "bear ... [also] of the burdens of those whom they misled." If one can bear the sin-burden of another (for misleading them), the principle is not absolute. This opens the door for Vicarious Atonement where a sinless one bears burdens. See 1 Peter 2:24.

The Proof:

Islamic theology posits the Quran is the Eternal Speech of God, yet it has a physical form (ink/paper) that can be burned. If God's Word can have two natures (Eternal/Physical) without contradiction, then the Christian claim that Jesus (The Word) has two natures (Divine/Human) is logically coherent.

The Proof:

Allah asks if Jesus told people to take him "and my mother" as deities. Christians do not worship Mary as part of the Trinity. The Quran mistakes the heresy of the Collyridians (who worshipped Mary) for mainstream Christianity. See Matthew 28:19 for the biblical Trinity.

The Proof:

Surah 4:157: "They did not kill him... but [another] was made to resemble him." Tacitus, Josephus, and the Gospels confirm Pilate crucified Jesus. See Mark 15:37.

The Proof:

Mary (1st Century) is called "Sister of Aaron" and "Daughter of Imran" (Amram). Amram was the father of Aaron and Miriam (1400 BC). The Quran confuses the two Marys separated by 1400 years. See Numbers 26:59 regarding the true lineage of Miriam.

The Proof:

Surah 18:86: "...he found it [the sun] setting in a spring of dark mud." In Sunan Abu Dawud 4002, Muhammad explicitly tells Abu Dharr: "It sets in a spring of warm water."

This confirms the Quran describes a literal flat-earth cosmology. Contrast with the Bible's description of the "circle of the earth" in Isaiah 40:22.

The Proof:

Bukhari 3636 describes the moon separating. However, the Quran itself (54:1) says "The Hour has come near, and the moon has split," suggesting an eschatological sign. Yet, Hadith turns it into a historical event witnessed only in Mecca, nowhere else in the recorded history of the world.

The Proof:

The Quran says fluid emerges "from between the backbone and the ribs" (Surah 86:7). Medically, sperm is produced in the testes and semen in the seminal vesicles/prostate/bulbourethral glands, nowhere near the backbone/ribs. This reflects ancient errors.

The Proof:

Surah 23:14: "...then We made the lump bones, and We covered the bones with flesh..." This mirrors Galen's error.

Modern embryology shows muscles and bones develop simultaneously from the mesoderm. There is no skeleton waiting to be clothed.

The Proof:

The Quran views the sky as a solid object (roof/dome) that can fall in pieces (34:9). This is geocentric mythology, not atmospheric science.

The Proof:

Surah 65:12 and Sahih Bukhari 2453 ("sunk through seven earths"). Early Tafsir describes flat layers. There are no 7 physical earths or layers in geology fitting this description.

The Proof:

Surah 67:5: "We have... made [stars] what is thrown at the devils." Surah 37:6-10 further describes them as "burning flames" used to guard against rebellious devils. This confuses massive stars with meteors and enforces a superstitious view that shooting stars are weapons against Jinn.

The Proof:

The Sana'a Palimpsest (DAM 01-27.1) shows a lower layer of text differing from the standard Uthmanic text in words and verse arrangements. Dr. Gerd Puin, who studied them, stated they demonstrate the Quran has a history of textual evolution, contradicting the "preserved tablet" narrative.

The Proof:

Muhammad said "Learn the recitation from four: Abdullah bin Masud..." (Bukhari 3758). Yet, Ibn Masud's codex differed from Uthman's. He considered Surahs 1, 113, and 114 as prayers, not Quran.

He told people to hide their mushafs from Uthman. This undermines the narrative of absolute consensus (Ijma).

The Proof:

Ubayy bin Ka'b included two extra Surahs: Surah Al-Hafd and Surah Al-Khal (Qunut verses). These are not in the standard Quran today.

The existence of variant codices among the most knowledgeable companions proves definitions of "Quran" were fluid until Uthman enforced one version.

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 4992: Muhammad validated different recitations. Uthman standardized one and burned the rest, implying loss of 6/7ths of revelation.

Suyuti listed 40 opinions on what "Ahruf" means, proving the knowledge of the original revelation's nature is lost.

The Proof:

Unlike Uthman's burning of rival Qurans, the New Testament spread organically across widely separated nations. No central authority controlled or destroyed manuscripts. This free transmission provides a more robust historical check than a government-enforced text.

The Proof:

Tafsir identifies Dhul-Qarnayn as Alexander. The Quran calls him a believer. Historical Alexander claimed to be the son of Zeus-Ammon and died a polytheist.

The Proof:

Surah 28:38 asks Haman to build a tower. Haman is from the Book of Esther (Persia, 480 BC). See Esther 3:1. The Quran transplants a villain 1000 years and a continent away.

The Proof:

The story of infant Jesus defending Mary is found in the Arabic Infancy Gospel (6th Century) and the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew. It is a late apocryphal fable, not divine history. Biblical Jesus' first recorded words were at age 12 (Luke 2:49).

The Proof:

This story is a Gnostic legend from the Infancy Gospel of Thomas, known for its fanciful portrayal of Jesus. It is not in the canonical Gospels.

The Proof:

The story of youths sleeping in a cave for 300 years is a well-known Christian fable (Seven Sleepers of Ephesus) from the 5th century. The Quran treats it as fact, even debating the number of sleepers.

The Proof:

The city of Samaria was founded c. 870 BC (1 Kings 16:24). The Exodus was c. 1400 BC. The Assyrians settled Samaritans there in the 8th Century BC (~722 BC). This is a chronological anachronism of nearly 700 years.

The Proof:

Surah 5:32 quotes the Mishnah Sanhedrin 4:5 almost word for word, but claims 'We decreed upon the Children of Israel'. The Mishnah is a rabbinical commentary (man-made), not divine scripture. The Quran mistakenly attributes this rabbinical saying to Allah's direct decree.

The Proof:

Surah 5:31 has a raven scratching the ground. This mirrors the Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer (Chapter 21), a Jewish collection of legends. The Quran cites this fable as a historical event involving Adam's sons.

The Proof:

The story of the fish coming to life and the wise man (Khidr) mirrors legends of Alexander the Great and his cook found in the Alexander Romance (Pseudo-Callisthenes), a fictional text from the 3rd century. The Quran mistakes fiction for Moses' history.

The Proof:

Islam started peaceful when weak (Mecca) and became violent when strong (Medina). This 'Abrogation' means the peaceful Islam is the canceled version. Christianity moved from a national theocracy (OT) to a spiritual kingdom of peace.

The Proof:

Non-Muslims must pay Jizya 'while they are humbled' (Saghiroon). Historically, this was codified in the Pact of Umar, forbidding Dhimmis from building churches, riding horses, or displaying crosses, effectively creating a permanent underclass. Contrast with Christian liberty: Galatians 5:1.

The Proof:

The map of Islam today corresponds to the military conquests of the Umayyads and Ottomans (e.g., Battle of Yarmouk, Conquest of Persia). Surah 9:29 explicitly commands fighting People of the Book until they pay tribute. Jesus said: "My kingdom is not of this world. If it were, my servants would fight" (John 18:36).

The Proof:

Sahih Muslim 2167: 'Do not greet the Jews and the Christians before they greet you... force him to the narrowest part of it.' Contrast with Romans 12:18 ("If it is possible... live at peace with everyone").

The Proof:

The Quran says 'The believers are but brothers' (49:10). It calls unbelievers 'Najis' (unclean - 9:28). This divides humanity rather than uniting it. Jesus said "Love your neighbor as yourself" without exception (Mark 12:31).

The Proof:

Institutional charity in Islam is often restricted to the Ummah. Non-Muslims pay Jizya but are often excluded from Zakat benefits. Contrast with Luke 10:33 (The Good Samaritan showing mercy to a foreigner).

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 304: Muhammad told women their testimony is half of a man's because of the 'deficiency of her mind'. This devalues the creation of God. Contrast with Galatians 3:28 ("There is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus").

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 3241: Muhammad looked into Hell and saw the majority were women. Why? Because they are ungrateful to their husbands. This makes salvation dependent on serving men.

The Proof:

Sahih Muslim 511 equates women with animals (dogs/donkeys) in terms of their ability to annul a man's prayer by passing in front. Aisha complained: 'You have made us equal to the dogs and the donkeys.'

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 5093 list women alongside animals and property as sources of bad luck. This is misogynistic superstition.

The Proof:

Surah 33:50: '...a privilege for you only, not for the (rest of) believers.' A revelation serving the leader's libido casts doubt on its divine origin.

The Proof:

The Quran says 'Allah does not love the disbelievers/transgressors'. Contrast with Romans 5:8 ("God demonstrates his love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us").

The Proof:

Calling God 'Father' is Shirk (partners). This denies the intimate relationship Jesus taught: 'Abba, Father' (Romans 8:15). Islam offers a Master/Slave relationship; Christ offers a Father/Child relationship.

The Proof:

The Quran apologizes for the lack of visual miracles, unlike Moses or Jesus. The 'scientific miracles' claimed today are modern reinterpretations, not historical events witnessed by Quraish. Jesus' miracles were undeniable (Acts 2:22).

The Proof:

Surah 16:102 identifies the Holy Spirit with Gabriel. This reduces the Third Person of the Trinity to a created being. The Bible says the Holy Spirit searches the deep things of God (1 Corinthians 2:10).

The Proof:

Islam teaches Qadar (Pre-destination) where Allah explicitly 'leads astray' some people and 'guides' others. If God causes someone to sin/disbelieve, punishing them with eternal hell is unjust. Contrast with 2 Peter 3:9 ("He is... not wanting anyone to perish").

The Proof:

How do we know Muhammad is a prophet? The Quran says so. How do we know the Quran is true? Muhammad said so. This is circular. Jesus offered external witness: The Father and Works (John 5:36).

The Proof:

The 'Clear Book' (Kitab Mubeen) depends entirely on oral traditions written 200 years later to explain context, abrogations, and meanings. It stands on shaky historical ground compared to the Bible's manuscript tradition.

The Proof:

The Quran contains grammatical oddities (Solecisms) like Surah 20:63 'Inna Hadhan' instead of 'Hadhayn'. Aisha reportedly said 'It is a mistake from the scribes'. Only a human book has typos.

The Proof:

Standard Arabic dictionaries identify words like Taurat, Injil, Zakat, Taghut, Fir'awn as borrowed from Hebrew, Syriac, or Ethiopic. It contradicts its own claim of being a 'Arabic Quran, without any crookedness' (39:28).

The Proof:

The Quran is a collection of speeches arranged by length, not timeline. It lacks the narrative coherence of the Bible, making it confusing without external commentary (Tafsir). God is a God of order, not confusion (1 Corinthians 14:33).

The Proof:

The earliest Kufic scripts lacked dots. Depending on dot placement, words change. Surah 3:146 reads "Fought" (Hafs) or "Was Killed" (Warsh).

These define different subjects/actions. There is no single "Quran" but a family of variant texts (Qira'at).

The Proof:

The word 'Ghulibat' (defeated) can be read 'Ghalabat' (victorious) due to lack of vowels. It's a self-fulfilling or ambiguous prediction. Biblical prophecy is specific (e.g., Psalm 22 details of crucifixion).

The Proof:

God revealing his final message in a language difficult to translate implies he is the God of Arabs, not the world. The Bible's message translates universally because it relies on truth, not poetic meter. See Revelation 7:9 (Every nation, tribe, people and language).

The Proof:

Surah 2:23 challenges doubters to write a Surah like it. Who judges? Muslims automatically reject anything else. It's a circular, subjective test. Truth is proven by prophecy and consistency, not poetry.

The Proof:

Tirmidhi 1663 and Surah 56:36 promise carnal rewards in heaven, including perpetually virgins (Houris). Al-Tirmidhi 2562 describes the martyr being "married to seventy-two wives along with Al-Huril-Ayn." In contrast, Jesus taught that in the resurrection, people are like angels and do not marry (Matthew 22:30).

The Proof:

Surah 47:15 promises rivers of wine. If alcohol is an 'abomination of Satan's handiwork' (5:90), why is it the reward in Paradise? It suggests morality is arbitrary, not based on God's unchanging nature.

The Proof:

These titles affirm the Divinity of Christ, though the Quran denies it elsewhere. Christian theology explains how Jesus is the Word Made Flesh (John 1:14).

The Proof:

In chemistry, resonance structures describe a molecule that exists in multiple valid forms simultaneously. If the physical world supports such complexity, it is reasonable that the Creator's nature is complex (Trinity) rather than a simple unit. Only a complex God can be Love before creation.

The Proof:

Muslims call Atonement "unfair." But if a shopkeeper's son breaks a window, the father paying for it is not unfair; it is love. Jesus paying our debt is God taking responsibility for His creation. See Philemon 1:18.

The Proof:

Surah 8:30 calls Allah "Khayrul-Makirin" (Best of Deceivers/Schemers). A God who actively plots or deceives cannot be the ground of absolute moral truth. In the Bible, God is Light and Truth (James 1:17).

The Proof:

Some interpretations of the "Jasad" (body) on Solomon's throne (Surah 38:34) identify it as a demon/Satan. If Satan can occupy a throne of authority associated with God's prophets, it implies a lack of sovereign protection.

The Proof:

An entire chapter of the eternal word of God is dedicated to cursing one angry uncle. It holds no moral value for humanity. Contrast with Jesus: "Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you" (Matthew 5:44).

The Proof:

Surah 33:53: '...when you have eaten, disperse without seeking prologue conversation. Indeed that was troubling the Prophet.' The Creator of the Universe sends Gabriel to tell dinner guests to leave?

The Proof:

While Muslims deny worshiping the moon, the symbols (Crescent) and timing (Ramadan moon sighting) are deeply rooted in ancient Arabian lunar cults. God is Creator of lights, not defined by them (Genesis 1:16).

The Proof:

The Jamarat ritual (stoning Satan pillars) preserves pre-Islamic pagan superstition. Can one hurt a spiritual being (Satan) with physical rocks?

The Proof:

Muslims kiss a rock that fell from heaven. Umar said he only did it because Muhammad did. It is a vestige of stone worship. See God's command against idols: Exodus 20:4.

The Proof:

Surah 2:158 sanctions the pagan run between Safa and Marwa (originally housing idols Isaf and Na'ila). Muhammad retained this pagan rite, claiming it for Allah.

The Proof:

Muhammad arrived in Medina, saw Jews fasting Ashura (10th of month), and ordered Muslims to do it too. This shows the derivative nature of Islamic rituals.

The Proof:

Surah 2:144 changes direction to Mecca. It looks like a political move: pleasing Jews first, then switching to Arab nationalism when rejected. God does not change direction based on politics.

The Proof:

The belief in Jinn (Genies) is fundamental. They eat dung and bones (Muslim 450). It's Arab folklore canonized. The Bible forbids focusing on myths (1 Timothy 1:4).

The Proof:

Sahih Muslim 1572 records the command to kill dogs. Bukhari 3322 says angels do not enter a house with a dog. This demonizes man's best friend based on superstition. God cares for animals (Proverbs 12:10).

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 5686: Some people came to Medina and got sick. Muhammad ordered them to drink camel milk and urine. Despite modern science identifying camel urine as a source of pathogens (like MERS-CoV), this Hadith classifies it as medicine, leading to dangerous folk remedies.

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 3320: If a fly falls in your drink, dip it in. Muhammad claimed "in one of its wings is a disease and in the other is the cure." Microbiologically, flies transmit bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella); they do not carry antidotes. It encourages unsanitary behavior.

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 3849: 'I saw a monkey... and other monkeys gathered and stoned it.' (Narrated by Amr bin Maimun). This suggests animals are subject to moral laws and punishments (Zina), which is biologically and theologically absurd. It reads like a fable.

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 1144: Muhammad said of a man who slept through prayer: 'Satan urinated in his ear.' This anthropomorphizes Satan with biological functions (urination) to explain natural human sleep patterns, lacking spiritual gravity.

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 3295: 'Clean your nose... for Satan spends the night in the upper part of the nose.' Superstition regulating hygiene.

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 6226: 'Yawning is from Satan.' Physiological reflexes are attributed to demons.

The Proof:

A Jewish woman poisoned his lamb. He ate it. On his deathbed, he claimed the poison was cutting his aorta (Bukhari 4428). Muhammad said, "I still feel the pain... now it is cutting my aorta." Compare with Surah 69:44-46: "If he [Muhammad] were to invent any sayings... We would certainly cut his aorta." The irony is stark.

The Proof:

Many organisms (bacteria, fungi, certain lizards) reproduce asexually. They do not have pairs/mates. The claim "all things" is scientifically false.

The Proof:

This conflates the Genesis 11 Tower of Babel story with Pharaoh. Pharaohs built pyramids/temples, not towers to fight God in the sky. See Genesis 11:4.

The Proof:

Sahih Bukhari 3329: Muhammad says if a man discharges first, it's a boy; if a woman, it's a girl. Genetics proves gender is determined by X/Y chromosomes in sperm, not discharge timing.

The Proof:

The Quran claims a "complete partition" prevents mixing. Estuaries exist purely because they mix. Ancient sailors likely misunderstood the visible haloclines.

The Proof:

Mainstream Christianity has never included Mary in the Trinity. The Quran critiques a heresy that didn't represent the actual faith.

The Proof:

The story of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba (lifting her dress for glass floor) matches the Targum Sheni of Esther, a Jewish collection of myths. It is not found in the Bible's historical account (1 Kings 10).

The Proof:

Surah 21:68. A Jewish midrash confused the word 'Ur' (City of Chaldees) with 'Or' (Fire). The Quran canonized this linguistic error as history. Genesis 15:7 confirms he came out of Ur (the city).