Was the Torah given to Moses?

Surah al-Maa'ida (5:44)

It is believed by all Muslims that the Torah was given to Moses, but interestingly, there is not even one verse in the Qur'an which says so explicitly, although there are many verses which mention the Torah, and several verses that explicitly speak about the revelation, giving or "sending down" of the Torah (3:3,65,93; 5:44,68; 62:5).

This could have remained just an observation of a minor oddity in the Quran, but apparently this issue is so important, that some Muslims are willing to lie about this fact against better knowledge, see this discussion with Akbarally Meherally ([1], [2]).

Seemingly some translators found this difficult to accept as well and wanted to solve this problem by adding the name "Moses" in their English translation of the Qur'an, even though it is not found in the Arabic.

Pickthall Yusuf Ali Hilali & Khan F. Malik Arabic transliteration
Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, ... It was We who revealed the Torah (to Moses): therein was guidance and light. ... Verily, We did send down the Taurāt (Torah) [to Mūsa (Moses)], therein was guidance and light, ... Indeed We revealed the Taurat to Moses, in which there is guidance and light: ... ’Innaaa ’anzalnat-Tawraata fiihaa Hudanw-wa Nuur. ...

Some at least indicate that "to Moses" is an addition by putting it into brackets, but not all do so, effectively corrupting their scriptures. But even with brackets, many readers will get the wrong impression about the exact meaning of the text, as evidenced in the above referred discussion with Meherally.

Similar observations can be made regarding Surah 62:5. We present a number of translations:

Shakir Pickthall Yusuf Ali Sher Ali T.B. Irving Arabic transliteration
The likeness of those who were charged with the Taurat, then they did not observe it, is as the likeness of the ass bearing books, ... The likeness of those who are entrusted with the Law of Moses, yet apply it not, is as the likeness of the ass carrying books. ... The similitude of those who were charged with the (obligations of the) Mosaic Law, but who subsequently failed in those (obligations), is that of a donkey which carries huge tomes (but understands them not). ... The likeness of those who were charged with the Law of Torah, but did not carry out its commandments, is as the likeness of an ass carrying a load of books. ... Those who are laden with the Old Testament, yet do not carry it out may be compared to a donkey who is carrying scriptures. ... Masalul-laziina hummilut-Tawraata summa lam yahmiluuhaa kamasalil-himaari yahmilu ’asfaaraa. ...

Again, the name of Moses is only found in the translations, but not in the Arabic. However, in this verse the situation is worse than in 5:44 since neither Pickthall nor Yusuf Ali put their reference to Moses in parentheses to indicate that this name is not actually in the Arabic original. The translation of Sher Ali is listed for its curiosity of using a double translation of at-Tawraata, giving both its meaning (the Law) and its English name (Torah). The translation by T.B. Irving (who was a respected American Muslim convert) is unusual, but not wrong since the word Taurat is used in this meaning elsewhere in the early Muslim sources (see, e.g., [1], [2]).

There are many references in the Qur'an that speak about a/the book (kitab) given to Moses (2:53,87; 6:91,154; 11:17,110; 17:2; 19:51; 23:49), or even about the "Books of Moses" (suhuf) (53:36; 87:19). None of those verses, however, identifies the book by name. Nowhere does the Qur'an clarify the relationship between "the book(s) of Moses" and the Torah.


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