Islamic Scholarship on the Issue of Incest and Sodomy

Dimitrius & Sam Shamoun


There are certain teachings found within Islamic tradition and/or taught by Muslim scholars which are of a perverted nature. One such example would be those traditions which mention Muhammad permitting a young man to suckle on his adoptive mother's breast in order to make it forbidden for them to marry (www.answering-islam.org/Shamoun/nursing_of_adults.htm).

There is more. There are a number of passages in the Quran which have led some Muslim scholars to condone practices that are morally very highly qestionable. The focus of this paper is to highlight two particular perversions which Muslim scholars permitted on the basis of specific Quranic passages.

Here is the first passage which led Muslim scholars to tolerate some strange and evil practices.

Prohibited to you (for marriage) are: your mothers, daughters, sisters; father's sisters, mother's sisters; brother's daughters, sister's daughters; foster-mothers (who gave you suck), foster-sisters; your wives' mothers; your step-daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom ye have gone, no prohibition if ye have not gone in; (those who have been) wives of your sons proceeding from your loins; and two sisters in wedlock at one and the same time, except for what is past; for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Surah 4:23

Al-Qurtubi, considered to be one of Sunni Islam's premiere commentators, wrote in connection with this verse:

وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْوَطْء بِالزِّنَى هَلْ يُحَرِّم أَمْ لَا ; فَقَالَ أَكْثَر أَهْل الْعِلْم : لَوْ أَصَابَ رَجُل اِمْرَأَة بِزِنًى لَمْ يَحْرُم عَلَيْهِ نِكَاحُهَا بِذَلِكَ ; وَكَذَلِكَ لَا تَحْرُم عَلَيْهِ اِمْرَأَته إِذَا زَنَى بِأُمِّهَا أَوْ بِابْنَتِهَا , وَحَسْبُهُ أَنْ يُقَام عَلَيْهِ الْحَدّ , ثُمَّ يَدْخُل بِامْرَأَتِهِ . وَمَنْ زَنَى بِامْرَأَةٍ ثُمَّ أَرَادَ نِكَاح أُمّهَا أَوْ اِبْنَتهَا لَمْ تَحْرُمَا عَلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ . وَقَالَتْ طَائِفَة : تَحْرُم عَلَيْهِ . رُوِيَ هَذَا الْقَوْل عَنْ عِمْرَان بْن حُصَيْن ; وَبِهِ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيّ وَعَطَاء وَالْحَسَن وَسُفْيَان الثَّوْرِيّ وَأَحْمَد وَإِسْحَاق وَأَصْحَاب الرَّأْي , وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مَالِك ; وَأَنَّ الزِّنَى يُحَرِّم الْأُمّ وَالِابْنَة وَأَنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْحَلَال , وَهُوَ قَوْل أَهْل الْعِرَاق . وَالصَّحِيح مِنْ قَوْل مَالِك وَأَهْل الْحِجَاز : أَنَّ الزِّنَى لَا حُكْم لَهُ ; لِأَنَّ اللَّه سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ : " وَأُمَّهَات نِسَائِكُمْ " وَلَيْسَتْ الَّتِي زَنَى بِهَا مِنْ أُمَّهَات نِسَائِهِ , وَلَا اِبْنَتهَا مِنْ رَبَائِبِهِ . وَهُوَ قَوْل الشَّافِعِيّ وَأَبِي ثَوْر . لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا اِرْتَفَعَ الصَّدَاق فِي الزِّنَى وَوُجُوب الْعِدَّة وَالْمِيرَاث وَلُحُوق الْوَلَد وَوُجُوب الْحَدّ اِرْتَفَعَ أَنْ يُحْكَم لَهُ بِحُكْمِ النِّكَاح الْجَائِز . وَرَوَى الدَّارَقُطْنِيّ مِنْ حَدِيث الزُّهْرِيّ عَنْ عُرْوَة عَنْ عَائِشَة قَالَتْ : سُئِلَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ رَجُل زَنَى بِامْرَأَةٍ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجهَا أَوْ اِبْنَتهَا فَقَالَ : ( لَا يُحَرِّم الْحَرَامُ الْحَلَالَ إِنَّمَا يُحَرِّم مَا كَانَ بِنِكَاحٍ ) . وَمِنْ الْحُجَّة لِلْقَوْلِ الْآخَر إِخْبَار النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ جُرَيْج وَقَوْله : ( يَا غُلَام مَنْ أَبُوك ) قَالَ : فُلَان الرَّاعِي . فَهَذَا يَدُلّ عَلَى أَنَّ الزِّنَى يُحَرِّم كَمَا يُحَرِّم الْوَطْء الْحَلَال ; فَلَا تَحِلّ أُمّ الْمَزْنِيّ بِهَا وَلَا بَنَاتهَا لِآبَاءِ الزَّانِي وَلَا لِأَوْلَادِهِ ; وَهِيَ رِوَايَة اِبْن الْقَاسِم فِي الْمُدَوَّنَة . وَيُسْتَدَلّ بِهِ أَيْضًا عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَخْلُوقَة مِنْ مَاء الزِّنَى لَا تَحِلّ لِلزَّانِي بِأُمِّهَا , وَهُوَ الْمَشْهُور . قَالَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام : ( لَا يَنْظُر اللَّه إِلَى رَجُل نَظَرَ إِلَى فَرْج اِمْرَأَة وَابْنَتِهَا ) وَلَمْ يَفْصِل بَيْنَ الْحَلَال وَالْحَرَام . وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام : ( لَا يَنْظُر اللَّه إِلَى مَنْ كَشَفَ قِنَاعَ اِمْرَأَة وَابْنَتهَا ) . قَالَ اِبْن خُوَيْزِ مَنْدَادٍ : وَلِهَذَا قُلْنَا إِنَّ الْقُبْلَة وَسَائِر وُجُوه الِاسْتِمْتَاع يَنْشُر الْحُرْمَة . وَقَالَ عَبْد الْمَلِك الْمَاجِشُون : إِنَّهَا تَحِلّ ; وَهُوَ الصَّحِيح لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : " وَهُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ مِنْ الْمَاء بَشَرًا فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَبًا وَصِهْرًا " [ الْفُرْقَان : 54 ] يَعْنِي بِالنِّكَاحِ الصَّحِيح , عَلَى مَا يَأْتِي فِي " الْفُرْقَان " بَيَانه . وَوَجْه التَّمَسُّك مِنْ الْحَدِيث عَلَى تِلْكَ الْمَسْأَلَتَيْنِ أَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ حَكَى عَنْ جُرَيْج أَنَّهُ نَسَبَ اِبْن الزِّنَى لِلزَّانِي , وَصَدَّقَ اللَّه نِسْبَتَهُ بِمَا خَرَقَ لَهُ مِنْ الْعَادَة فِي نُطْقِ الصَّبِيّ بِالشَّهَادَةِ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ ; وَأَخْبَرَ بِهَا النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ جُرَيْج فِي مَعْرِض الْمَدْح وَإِظْهَار كَرَامَته ; فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ النِّسْبَة صَحِيحَة بِتَصْدِيقِ اللَّه تَعَالَى وَبِإِخْبَارِ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ; فَثَبَتَتْ الْبُنُوَّة وَأَحْكَامهَا .

فَإِنْ قِيلَ : فَيَلْزَم عَلَى هَذَا أَنْ تَجْرِيَ أَحْكَام الْبُنُوَّة وَالْأُبُوَّة مِنْ التَّوَارُث وَالْوِلَايَات وَغَيْر ذَلِكَ , وَقَدْ اِتَّفَقَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا تَوَارُث بَيْنَهُمَا فَلَمْ تَصِحّ تِلْكَ النِّسْبَة ؟

فَالْجَوَاب : إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مُوجِب مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ . وَمَا اِنْعَقَدَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِجْمَاع مِنْ الْأَحْكَام اِسْتَثْنَيْنَاهُ , وَبَقِيَ الْبَاقِي عَلَى أَصْل ذَلِكَ الدَّلِيل , وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم .

وَاخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاء أَيْضًا مِنْ هَذَا الْبَاب فِي مَسْأَلَة اللَّائِط ; فَقَالَ مَالِك وَالشَّافِعِيّ وَأَبُو حَنِيفَة وَأَصْحَابهمْ : لَا يَحْرُم النِّكَاح بِاللِّوَاطِ . وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيّ : إِذَا لَعِبَ بِالصَّبِيِّ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ أُمّه ; وَهُوَ قَوْل أَحْمَد بْن حَنْبَل . قَالَ : إِذَا تَلَوَّطَ بِابْنِ اِمْرَأَته أَوْ أَبِيهَا أَوْ أَخِيهَا حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ اِمْرَأَته . وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيّ : إِذَا لَاطَ بِغُلَامٍ وَوُلِدَ لِلْمَفْجُورِ بِهِ بِنْتٌ لَمْ يَجُزْ لِلْفَاجِرِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا ; لِأَنَّهَا بِنْت مَنْ قَدْ دَخَلَ بِهِ . وَهُوَ قَوْل أَحْمَد بْن حَنْبَل .

The scholars have differed on the issue of prohibition of sexual intercourse with someone born out of adultery. The majority of knowledgeable scholars have said that if a man commits adultery with a woman, that act does not prohibit him from marrying her. Likewise, a man’s wife is not prohibited from him if he commits adultery with her mother or her daughter. It is sufficient for him to receive the punitive judgment (based on Sharia), then he may have intercourse with his wife. If a man commits adultery with a woman then desired to marry her mother or her daughter, they are not prohibited from him because of this act.

Another group said (such a marriage) is prohibited for him. This opinion was reported by Amran Ibn Husain, as well as Al-Shu’bi and Atta’, Al Hassan, Sufyan Al–Thuri, Ahmad, Ishaq and those of opinion. It was reported by Malik that adultery prohibits (a man’s relationship with both) the mother and the daughter and this act (of adultery) has the same prohibitions that a legal marriage has. This is also the saying of the people of Iraq. However, the (only) correct portion of Malik’s saying is that adultery produces no regulations. For Allah, exalted and glorified, said in Surah 4:23, "Your wives' mothers," BUT DID NOT SAY, "He who committed adultery with his wives’ mothers, nor his daughter whom he conceived through adultery." This is the saying of Al-Shafi’i and Abu Thuri…

… Abdul Malik Ibn Al-Maj-shun said such a marriage (between a man and the daughter he conceived through adultery) IS PERMISSIBLE; which is the correct understanding of Allah’s saying in Surah 25:54, "It is He Who has created man from water: then has He established relationships of lineage and marriage," referring to an approved legal marriage. This will be explained in Surah 25…

…The scholars also differed on this subject in the case of homosexual intercourse. For Malik, Al-Shafi’i, Abu Hanifa and their companions said that legal marriage is not prohibited because of (homosexual) sodomy. However, Al-Thuri said, "If a young male is molested, then the boy’s mother is forbidden in marriage to the molester." This is also the saying of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal who said, "If a man SODOMIZES the son of a woman he has married, or performs this act with her FATHER or BROTHER, then the woman is prohibited from that man." Al-Awzaghi said, "If a man sodomizes another male, and the violated man begets a daughter in due time, then this daughter is prohibited in marriage from the violator because she will be the daughter of someone HE HAS PENETRATED." (Source; translation ours)

The following verse was already mentioned above by al-Qurtubi:

"It is He Who has created man from water: Then has He established relationships of lineage and marriage: for thy Lord has power (over all things)." Surah 25:54

Al-Qurtubi comments:

نَسَبًا وَصِهْرًا

النَّسَب وَالصِّهْر مَعْنَيَانِ يَعُمَّانِ كُلّ قُرْبَى تَكُون بَيْن آدَمِيَّيْنِ . قَالَ اِبْن الْعَرَبِيّ : النَّسَب عِبَارَة عَنْ خَلْط الْمَاء بَيْن الذَّكَر وَالْأُنْثَى عَلَى وَجْه الشَّرْع ; فَإِنْ كَانَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ كَانَ خَلْقًا مُطْلَقًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ نَسَبًا مُحَقَّقًا , وَلِذَلِكَ لَمْ يَدْخُل تَحْت قَوْله : " حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتكُمْ وَبَنَاتكُمْ " [ النِّسَاء : 23 ] بِنْته مِنْ الزِّنَى ; لِأَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِبِنْتٍ لَهُ فِي أَصَحّ الْقَوْلَيْنِ لِعُلَمَائِنَا وَأَصَحّ الْقَوْلَيْنِ فِي الدِّين ; وَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ نَسَب شَرْعًا فَلَا صِهْر شَرْعًا فَلَا يُحَرِّم الزِّنَى بِنْت أُمّ وَلَا أُمّ بِنْت , وَمَا يَحْرُم مِنْ الْحَلَال لَا يَحْرُم مِنْ الْحَرَام ; لِأَنَّ اللَّه اِمْتَنَّ بِالنَّسَبِ وَالصِّهْر عَلَى عِبَاده وَرَفَعَ قَدْرهمَا , وَعَلَّقَ الْأَحْكَام فِي الْحِلّ وَالْحُرْمَة عَلَيْهِمَا فَلَا يَلْحَق الْبَاطِل بِهِمَا وَلَا يُسَاوِيهِمَا . قُلْت : اِخْتَلَفَ الْفُقَهَاء فِي نِكَاح الرَّجُل اِبْنَته مِنْ زِنًى أَوْ أُخْته أَوْ بِنْت اِبْنه مِنْ زِنًى ; فَحَرَّمَ ذَلِكَ قَوْم مِنْهُمْ اِبْن الْقَاسِم , وَهُوَ قَوْل أَبِي حَنِيفَة وَأَصْحَابه , وَأَجَازَ ذَلِكَ آخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ عَبْد الْمَلِك بْن الْمَاجِشُونِ , وَهُوَ قَوْل الشَّافِعِيّ , وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا فِي " النِّسَاء " مُجَوَّدًا

Regarding the terms "lineage and relationship through marriage":

Lineage and relationship through marriage are two terms that describe the personal relationships that may exist between humans. Ibn Al-Arabi said, "Lineage is an expression referring to the mixture of fluids between a male and a female from a religious legal point of view. However, if this union (between male and female) occurs through disobedience (fornication) then the resulting child is not considered a part of a person’s true lineage. That is why a daughter born from adultery is not mentioned in Allah’s saying, ‘Prohibited to you (for marriage) are: your mothers and daughters’ (Surah 4:23) because she is not considered a daughter according to the most authentic teaching of our (Islamic) scholars and the most authentic teaching of our religion. If there is no legal lineage then there is no legal relationship; for adultery does not prohibit (from marriage) the daughter of the mother (you committed adultery with) nor the mother of a woman (you committed adultery with). What is lawfully prohibited is not also prohibited due to sin, for Allah has bestowed lineage and relation through marriage upon His servants and greatly esteemed these relationships. Allah has also established laws identifying what is legal and what is prohibited, which are not equal to each other; therefore falsehood cannot be a part of these laws."

I (Qurtubi) said: The scholars have differed on the permissibility of a man marrying his daughter who was the result of an adulterous relationship; or for that matter marrying his sister or granddaughter who was the result of adultery. Some prohibited this type of relationship; among them was Ibn Al Qasim, which is also the saying of Abu Hanifa and his companions. Others however, allowed this type of marriage such as Abdul Malik Al Maj’shun, which is also the saying of Al Shafi’i. This was detailed in the explanation of Surah 4 (Al Nisa’). (Source)

Summary Analysis

The quotes provided by al-Qurtubi raises some very disturbing questions. In the first place, al-Qurtubi mentions the opinions of scholars who say that sodomizers cannot marry the mother of the child, or the daughter or sister of the person whom they molested. The substantial number of early Islamic scholars who discussed this issue suggests that sodomy was a problem in the Muslim community and its various aspects had to be legislated; otherwise, why would they even bring up the prohibitions produced by sodomy if such a practice wasn't being observed by at least some Muslims? Even more disturbing is that these scholars say nothing about punishing the sodomizer for committing such a heinous and abominable sexual act! This lends credence to what we wrote about the Quran failing to explicitly prohibit homosexuality, specifically sodomy with young boys (www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Menj/homosexual.htm).

Secondly, how does having a daughter from an adulterous relationship make her sexually permissible for the father when she is his very own flesh and blood? Regardless of how she was conceived, she still remains the man's biological offspring and is therefore sexually off limits to the father. It is obvious that these Muslim scholars are permitting incest, a gross perversion of sexual mores.

{Sidenote: The prohibitions (or the lack thereof) resulting from adulterous affairs presupposes that persons committing adultery would not be put to death. Otherwise, there would have been no need to enumerate forbidden sexual relations which resulted from committing adultery since those committing this sin would have been put to death. This supports the position that adulterers are not to be stoned, contrary to Islamic Law (Sharia) which, on the basis of hadiths, prescribes stoning for married people who commit adultery (cf. surah 24:2-3).}

Third, pay careful attention to the reason why these scholars could even condone such wild, perverted views. It all stems from the Quran being incomplete and insufficient, especially in providing specific details on a given subject, i.e. permissible versus impermissible sexual acts. Note again what al-Qurtubi says about Surah 4:23:

... For Allah, exalted and glorified, said in Surah 4:23, "Your wives' mothers," BUT DID NOT SAY, "He who committed adultery with his wives’ mothers, nor his daughter whom he conceived through adultery." ...

Al-Qurtubi bases his position on what Allah didn't say, i.e. Allah didn't specifically prohibit having sexual relations with the kin of the woman with whom adultery was committed!

Contrast this with the details provided in God's true Word, the Holy Bible, we find that the latter is much more exhaustive and clear:

"None of you shall approach any blood relative of his to uncover nakedness; I am the LORD. You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father, that is, the nakedness of your mother. She is your mother; you are not to uncover her nakedness. You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father's wife; it is your father's nakedness. The nakedness of your sister, either your father's daughter or your mother's daughter, whether born at home or born outside, their nakedness you shall not uncover. The nakedness of your son's daughter or your daughter's daughter, their nakedness you shall not uncover; for their nakedness is yours. The nakedness of your father's wife's daughter, born to your father, she is your sister, you shall not uncover her nakedness. You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father's sister; she is your father's blood relative. You shall not uncover the nakedness of your mother's sister, for she is your mother's blood relative. You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father's brother; you shall not approach his wife, she is your aunt. You shall not uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law; she is your son's wife, you shall not uncover her nakedness. You shall not uncover the nakedness of your brother's wife; it is your brother's nakedness. You shall not uncover the nakedness of a woman and of her daughter, nor shall you take her son's daughter or her daughter's daughter, to uncover her nakedness; they are blood relatives. It is lewdness. You shall not marry a woman in addition to her sister as a rival while she is alive, to uncover her nakedness.... You shall not have intercourse with your neighbor's wife, to be defiled with her... You shall not lie with a male as one lies with a female; it is an abomination." Levtiucs 18:6-18, 20, 22 NASB

"If there is a man who commits adultery with another man's wife, one who commits adultery with his friend's wife, the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death... If there is a man who lies with a male as those who lie with a woman, both of them have committed a detestable act; they shall surely be put to death. Their bloodguiltiness is upon them." Leviticus 20:10, 13 NASB

"For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness: All these evil things come from within, and defile the man." Mark 7:21-23 KJV

"For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet." Romans 1:26-27 KJV

"It is actually reported that there is immorality among you, and immorality of such a kind as does not exist even among the Gentiles, that someone has his father's wife. You have become arrogant and have not mourned instead, so that the one who had done this deed would be removed from your midst. For I, on my part, though absent in body but present in spirit, have already judged him who has so committed this, as though I were present. In the name of our Lord Jesus, when you are assembled, and I with you in spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus, I have decided to deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of his flesh, so that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus... I wrote you in my letter not to associate with immoral people; I did not at all mean with the immoral people of this world, or with the covetous and swindlers, or with idolaters, for then you would have to go out of the world. But actually, I wrote to you not to associate with any so-called brother if he is an immoral person, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or a swindler--not even to eat with such a one. For what have I to do with judging outsiders? Do you not judge those who are within the church? But those who are outside, God judges. REMOVE THE WICKED MAN FROM AMONG YOURSELVES." 1 Corinthians 5:1-5, 9-13 NASB

"Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God." 1 Corinthians 6:9-11 NASB

"This I say then, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the lust of the flesh. For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that ye cannot do the things that ye would. But if ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law. Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance: against such there is no law. And they that are Christ's have crucified the flesh with the affections and lusts." Galatians 5:16-24 KJV

"But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becometh saints; Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks. For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God." Ephesians 5:3-5 KJV

"and immoral men and homosexuals and kidnappers and liars and perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound teaching," 1 Timothy 1:10 NASB

"Even as Sodom and Gomorrha, and the cities about them in like manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire." Jude 1:7 KJV

The Greek word for fornication (porneia) covers a whole range of sexual sins which directly violate God's standard of sexual ethics and marital union. The Bible provides much more comprehensive details regarding sexual ethics and even outlines God's ideal for marriage, i.e. one man and one woman uniting together as one flesh (Cf. Matthew 19:1-9; 1 Corinthians 7:1-5).

Furthermore, the Holy Bible also provides basic principles so that, even if some things are not covered in every detail, we would still be able to argue from analogy. The Bible testifies that God has revealed certain truths in creation, design and conscience (cf. Job 12:7-9; Psalm 19:1-6; Romans 1:18-32, 2:14-16). The Quran, on the other hand, claims to be fully detailed and complete.

Thus, no matter how a man begets a child, i.e. as a result of fornication, adultery or marriage, it is still his seed and to therefore engage in sexual relations with one's own offspring is incest.

The foregoing not only exemplifies the perverted nature of Islam, but also shows how vastly superior the Holy Bible is in comparison to the Quran in terms of morality and ethics.


Articles by Sam Shamoun
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