²Ä¤Q¤T³¹ ±Ð·|¡A²Ä¤G³¡¤À
³Ì«á¬O±B«Ã¡A³oÁöµM¤j®a©Ó»{¬O¯«ªº¨î«×¡A¦b¶Q®æ§Qªº®É¥N¤§«e¡A¨S¦³¤H±N³o§@¬°¸t§¬Ý«Ý¡Cn¤£¬O¶Q®æ§Q¡A¤Hªº¸£³U¦A²M¿ô¦³¥i¯à·Q¨ì¶Ü¡H(The last of all is marriage, which, while all admit it to be an institution of God, no man ever saw to be a sacrament, until the time of Gregory. And would it ever have occurred to the mind of any sober man)
Calvin (¥[º¸¤å), Institutes¡m°ò·þ±Ðn¸q¡n
°£«D¦³¦X²zªº²z¥Ñ¡A§_«h²z¥Ñ¬O¡A³B©ó¹D¼w¤§¸oªºµh·¡¤§¤U¡A¨C¦ì¤Ñ¥D±Ð®{¤@©wnÂǥѥX®uÀ±¼»¡A¥H¯¬¸t¤W¥Dªº¸t¼ä¤§¤é¡A§«ô¤é¡C(It is for this reason that every Catholic is bound, under pain of mortal sin, unless there be legitimate excuse, to sanctify the Lord's holy day, Sunday, by assisting at Mass.)
The Teaching of the Catholic Church
¦]¦¹¡A³Ì«áªº±ßÀ\¬O»P¨î«×«D±`¬Û²§ªº¨Æ¡G³o¬O¦P¦ñÃö«Yªº¦æ¬°ªí²{¡X¥H°ò·þ¬°¤¤¤ßªº¦P¦ñÃö«Y¡A¥ß°ò©ó¹L¥h¡B²{¦b¡B¥¼¨Óªº¬@±Ï¥v¡C(Therefore, the Last Supper is something very different from an institution: it is the performance of an act of fellowship-of the fellowship centered in Christ and grounded in the saving history of the past, present, and future.)
Brunner (½³¤¯¯Ç), The Misunderstanding of the Church
µL½×§Ú̦bþ³B¨£µÛ¦³¤HÀµ¤Á¦aÁ¿z¯«ªº¸Ü»y¡A¦³¤HÀµ¤Á¦a²âÅ¥¯«ªº¸Ü»y¡A¦³¤H®Ú¾Ú°ò·þªº¨î«×°õ¦æ¸t§¡A§Ú̵Lªk¦b¸Ó³B½èºÃ¯«ªº±Ð·|¦³©Ò¦s¦b¡C(Wherever we see the word of God sincerely preached and heard, wherever we see the sacraments administered according to the institution of Christ, there we cannot have any doubt that the Church of God has some existence.) Calvin (¥[º¸¤å), Institutes¡m°ò·þ±Ðn¸q¡n
¨ì¥Ø«e¬°¤î¡A§Ṳ́w¸g¨£¹L¤@¨ÇÆ[ÂIÅܤƪº¨Æ¡C§Ú̹ï±Ð·|ªº±Ð¸q¤§±´°Q·U¬O²`¤J¡A©Ò¨£ªºÆ[ÂIÅܤƷU¬O¤j¡C¦b±Ð·|ªº¥DÃD¤W¡A·s±Ð®{©Mù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð®{¤§¶¡¡A¦³¤@¶µ°ò¥»ì«hºc¦¨³\¦h°Ï§O¡C
±Ð·|¦b±Ð¾É¤è±ªºì«h·N¨ýµÛ¡A±q¸t¸g¡uµÞµo¡vªº±Ð¸q¡A¦b±Ð·|¾ãÅé¥D±Ð»P¨äº¡A±Ð©v¡A¤§±Ð¾ÇÅv¬`¤§¤U¡A±o¥H¥þµMµo®i¡CY¬O¨S¦³³o¶µ°ò¥»ì«h¡A¤HµLªk±N²{¥Nù°¨±Ð·|²{¤µ¤§°ª«×²Õ´¡B°ª«×§»ö¡B°ª«×§ï³yªºµ²ºc¡A»P¨Ï®{ªºÂ²¾ë§@Áp·Q¡C
¦P¼Ë¦a¡A¦³¤@±ø®Ç¨tµo®i½u¦s¬¡¦b·s±Ð«H¥õùØ¡A¤D¦]¥Ñù°¨±Ð·|©ÓÄ~¦Ó¨Ó¡C©v±Ð§ï²¹B°ÊµLªk¦b¨C¥ó¨Æ¤W¡A¦^¨ì·s¬ù±Ð·|ªº¨Ï®{·Ç«h¡C¦¹¹B°Ê¦^´_¤F¸t¸gÅv«Â¡B®¦¨å¡B«H¤ßªº±Ð¸q¡F¦ý°£¤F³o¨Ç¥H¥~¨Ã¤£¼sªx¸ÔºÉ¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥Ñ©ó·s±Ð¦b¨C¥ó¨Æ¤W¡A¨Ï®{·Ç«h¦^´_ªºµ{«×¤£¦P¡A¦b¯S©w¹ê¦æ©M±Ð·|µ²ºc¤W¡A¤]´N¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡C
±Ð·|ªº¨î«×Ãþ«¬
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¥D±Ð¨î (Episcopal)- ±Ð·|¨î«×¤§¥D±Ð¨î¨Ì¾Úªº«H¥õ¡A¬O±Ð·|ªºÅé¨î (©Î³W«h) ¥Ñ°ò·þ¤U¶Ç¦Ü¥D±Ð¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç¥D±Ð¬O¨Ï®{ªºÄ~©Ó¤H¡C¥D±Ð¨î¦³¤£¦Pªºµ{«×¡A¬ü°ê¸t¤½·|¥D±Ð°| (House of Bishops of the Episcopal Church) ¬O¬ü°ê¹Ò¤º¤@Ó¥D±Ð¥µ¥ªºÃþ«¬¡Cù°¨Åé¨t¦b¥»½è¤W¬O¥D±Ð¨î¡AµM¦Ó¬O¥Ñ¤@¦ì³Ì°ª²ÎªvªÌ¡A±Ð©v©Ò²Îªv¡C
¥ì®æ¨º¥á¥i¯à¬O¥D±Ð¨î³Ì¦ªº´£ÒªÌ¡C¥L»¡±Ð·|¡uªºÂ¾û¦³¤TÓµ¥¯Å¡F¨º´N¬O¥D±Ð¡Bªø¦Ñ©M°õ¨Æ¡v¡C ÀHµÛ´Â©¹¥D±Ð¨îªº¹B°Ê¡A©M¥D±ÐºÞÁҰϪºÅv¤O¼Wªø¡A¹ï©óµL¸t¾ªº±Ð·|¦¨û¡A¥L̪ºÅv¤O¬Û¹ï¦a®ø¥¢¡C¦bù°¨Åé¨tùØ¡A¨Æ¥~ªº¤HµLÅv¹L°Ý±Ð·|ªºÅé¨î¡C
²Ä¤G¥@¬ö¦´Áªº¥D±Ð¨î¬y¦æ°_¨Ó®É¡A¥¿¬O²§ºÝ (©ÎºÙ°²±Ð¸q) °ÝÃD¼W¥[¤§®É¡C¤H»Ýn¤@Ó¦@¦Pªº«H¤ß¡A¨äªí¹F§Î¦¡¬O±Ð·|±q¨Ï®{®É¥N¥H¨Óªº³sÄò©Ê¡A¦Ó±Ð·|¬O¥ÑÄ~©Ó¨Ï®{ªº¥D±Ðªv²z¡CµS¦p¤H«H¨Ï®{¡A¤H«H¤F¥D±Ð¡A³oÓ«H¤ß¸gÃÒ©ú¬O©è§Ü²§ºÝªº¦³¤OªZ¾¹¡C¤£¥X´XÓ¥@¥Nªº¥ú´º¡A¥D±Ð»s¦¨ªø¨ì¬Û·íªºµ{«×¡A¥HP¤_©~´¶¨}³o»òÁnºÙ¡G¡u±Ð·|¥þ¦b©ó¥D±Ð¡C¡v(§Æþì¤å¡G Ecclesia est in episcopo) ¥D±Ð¬Oºn¡A¦b¥L¤§¤UÁÙ¦³¨âÓ¾û¡X²½¥q (ªø¦Ñ) ©M°õ¨Æ¡C
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ªø¦Ñ¨î (Presbyterian)- ¥D±Ð¨îªº±Ð·|Åv¤Oµ²ºcÄÝ©ó¥D±Ð¡A¬Û¹ï¤_¦¹¡Aªø¦Ñ¨î±N±Ð·|Åv¤O©MÅv¬`¥æ¤©°Ñ¥[¦a¤è»E·|ªº·|²³¡C³o¨Ç·|²³¦³ÅvºÞ²z«ü´§½u¡A¤W¦Ü¤@¦~»E·|¤@¦¸ªº·|û¤j·|¡C¨ä¤¤¦³¨â¤è±ªºÅv¤O¡Gªø¦Ñ®u¡A¥Ñ¦a¤è»E·|ªº¾A·í¥Nªí²Õ¦¨¡F±Ð°Ïij·|¡A¥Ñ¤@ӱаϪºªø¦Ñ®u (¼Æ) ²Õ¦¨¡C±Ð·|¾÷ºc¥Î¦p¦¹¥Nªí§Î¦¡¡A¬°¤F«OÅ@¦a¤è»E·|ªº¦Ûªv¡A¨Ã¨Ï¦X§@¤è±¼W¥ú¡Cªø¦Ñ¨î·í¤¤ªºÂ¾¥÷¦³¤T¡G±Ðªª (ªª®v)¡Bªø¦Ñ¡B°õ¨Æ¡C
·|²³¨î (Congregational)- ¤H¦³®É¤S¦W¡u·|²³¨î¡v¬°¡u¿W¥ß¨î¡v¡C¿W¥ßªº»E·|´N¬O¤@Ó§¹¾ãªº±Ð·|¡A¤£±q¨ä¥Lªº¹ÎÅé¨ú±o¥¦ªºÅv¤O©Îµ²ºc¡C±Ð·|¦æ°ÊªºÅv¤O´N¦b¦Û¤vªº¹ÎÅéùØ¡A¾û¥Ñ±Ð·|¥ô©R¡A¦U¥q¨ä¾°È¡A¦ýÅv¤O¤£¶W¥X±Ð·|¦¨û©Ò¤¹³\ªº½d³ò¡C·|²³¨îªº±Ð·|¸g±`»P«H©À¬Û¦Pªº±Ð·|«Ø¥ß¤u§@Ãö«Y¡A¥H´£¤É¦UÓpµe©M©eû·|¡A¨Æ©y¥]¬A«Å±Ð¡B±Ð¨|©M¨Æ¤u¡C¥i¯à·|¦³¦~«×»E·|¡A¦ý¬O¦~«×»E·|¨S¦³Åv¤O¹ï¦a¤è»E·|±j¦æ¨Mµ¦¡C
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