­±¹ï¿p´µªLªº¬D¾Ô

²Ä¤G³¹

¤T¦ì¤@Å骺±Ð¸q
°ò·þ±Ðªº¯«Æ[

2.1 ¥»©ó¸t¸gªº¤T¤@¯«±Ð¸q

¿p´µªL¡G ¸t¸g¨ÃµL¥ô¦ó¦a¤è±Ð¾É¯«¬O¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¡C¡u¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡v³o¦Wµü¤]¨S¦³¦b¸t¸g¤¤¥X²{¹L¡CµS¤Ó¤H¬Û«H¯«¥u¦³¤@¦ì¡A§Æþ©Mù°¨¤H«h¬O¦h¯«½×ªÌ¡C±Ð·|¬°¤FÅýÂù¤è­±³£¯à±µ¨ü¡A´N´£¥X¤F¤T¦Ó¤@ªº¯«³o­Ó½×½Õ¡C

¤T¦ì¤@Å骺±Ð¸q¬O°ò·þ®{©M¿p´µªL³Ì¤jªº¤Àª[ÂI¡C«áªÌ¬Û«H³o¬O¹ï¨º¦ìµ´¹ï¿W¤@ªº¯«ªº³Ì¤j«_¥Ç¡A¯«¬O¿W¤@ªº¥ç¬O¥jÄõ¸gùب䤤³Ì°ò­nªº¥DÃD¡C¿p´µªL»{¬°¥ô¦ó»P¦w©Ô¹ïµ¥ªº»¡ªk³£¬Oshirk¡]¡u¹°¶V¡v¡^¡A³o¬O³ÌÄY­«ªº¸o¡A¤]¬O±©¤@¤£¥i¥H±o¨ì³j§Kªº¸o¡C

¯u¥D¥²¤£³j«É¥Hª«°t¥Dªº¸o´c¡A¥L¬°¦Û¤v©Ò·N±ýªº¤H¦Ó³j«É¤ñ³o®t¤@µ¥ªº¸o¹L¡C½Ö¥Hª«°t¥D¡A½Ö¤w¥Ç¤j¸o¤F¡C Surah 4.48

¹ï¥L­Ì¨Ó»¡¡A°ò·þ±Ð±Ð¸q¥¿¬O¦p¦¹¡Ð¡Ð­C¿q©M¸tÆF¹°¶V¤F¯«¡C¿p´µªL»{¬°¯«¦³¿W¥Í¤l³o·§©À¬O¹ý©³ªºÂ÷¸g­I¹D¡C±q¤p¶}©l¿p´µªL´N·|­I»w¤W­z¸g¤å¡A³o³Qµø§@¬°¥jÄõ¸gùس̰¶¤jªº¤@¬q¡A¨ä¥÷¶q¨¬©è¥þ®Ñªº¤T¤À¤§¤@¡C

§A»¡¡G¥L¬O¯u¥D¡A¬O¿W¤@ªº¥D¡F¯u¥D¬O¸Uª«©Ò¥õ¿àªº¡F¥L¨S¦³¥Í²£¡A¤]¨S¦³³Q¥Í²£¡F¨S¦³¥ô¦óª«¥i¥H°µ¥Lªº¤Ç¼Ä¡C Surah 112.1-4

·í¦V¿p´µªL¶ÇºÖ­µ®É¡A§A«Ü§Ö´N·|µo²{¥L­Ì¤£¦ý¥þ¤O§_©w¯«¬O¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¡A§ó·|ÄYÃã§ðÀ»³o¥L­Ì»{¬°¬O°ò·þ±Ð±Ð¸q¤¤³Ì®zªºÀô¸`¡CÁ`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A¤@¦ì¯««ç¥i¥H¦³¤T­Ó¦ì®æ¡H·í­C¿q¦º®É¡A¯«¤]¦º¥h¶Ü¡H¤T­Ó¦ì®æ¬O§_¦P®É¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤W¦º¤`¡H³]­Y¥L­Ì¬O¤T¦Ó¤@ªº¡A¨º¥L­Ì±o¦P®É¦º¥h¡A¿p´µªL·|³o¼Ëª§ÅG¡C¥L­Ì¥ç·|¦p¤§«e©Ò´£¡Aª§©í¸t¸gùخڥ»¨S¦³¤T¦ì¤@Åé³oµü¡C´NÅý§Ú­Ì¥ý±q¸t¸g§ä¥X³o±Ð¸qªº¯u¾Ì¹ê¾Ú¡C

¸t¤÷¡A¸t¤l¡A¸tÆFªº¤T¤@¯«

­±¦V¿p´µªL¡A¹ê¦³¥²­n±j½Õ¸t¸g©Ò±Ò¥Üªº¯«¬O¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¡Ð¡Ð§Y¸t¤÷¡A¸t¤l©M¸tÆF¡C¥H¤U¬O¸Ô²Óªº¤ÀªR¡G

1. ¸t¤÷
¡u¤÷¡v¬O·s¬ù¸t¸g¤¤¹ï¯«³Ì´¶¹MªººÙ¿×¡A¹ï¯«³o¼Ëªº§Î®e¬Æ¤Ö¨£©ó¨ä¥L©v±Ð¡A¦b¥ì´µÄõ±Ð§ó±q¥¼¦p¦¹¡C­C¿q±`±`¥s¤Ñ¤Wªº¯«¬°¡u§Ú¡]ªº¡^¤Ñ¤÷¡v¡]°¨¤ÓºÖ­µ18:10¡^¡A¡u§A­Ìªº¤÷¡v¡]¸ô¥[ºÖ­µ12:32¡^¡A¡u¤÷¡v¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ14:12¡^¡A·í¥Lë§iªº®É­Ô¡A¥L§ó¬Oª½±µ¤F·í¦a»¡¡u¤÷°Ú¡v¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ11:41¡^¡C³oùرoª`·Nªº¬O¡A·í¯«³Q´£¤Î®É¡A©Ò¥ÎªººÙ¿×¬Oªí¹FÃö«Yªº¡C©Ò¥H¯«¤£³æ¬O¦t©zªºµ´¹ï²ÎªvªÌ¡A¦b¥LùØ­±¡A¥L¥]§tµÛ¤@­Ó²M·¡ªº¡A¶W¶V¦Û¤v¦ì®æ¥H¥~ªºÃö«Y¡C

2. ¸t¤l
¯«¸ò¥Lªº²Ä¤G­Ó¦ì®æ¡Ð¡Ð¸t¤l¡Ð¡Ð¨É¦³`­º­nªºÃö«Y¡C²Ä¤G­Ó¦ì®æ¦¨¬°­C¿q°ò·þ³o­Ó¤H¡C¥L±`»¡¨ì¦Û¤v¬O¤Ñ¤÷ªº¨à¤l¡A¨äÃö«Y¬Oµ´¹ïªº¡A±Æ¥Lªº¡C¨S¦³¤H»{ÃѤl°£¤F¤÷¡A¤]¨S¦³¤H»{ÃѤ÷±©¦³¤l¡]°¨¤ÓºÖ­µ11:27¡^¡C¤£´L·q¤lªº¤£·|´L·q¨º®t¥L¨Óªº¤÷¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ5:43¡^¡C¥L±q¤÷¨ºùبӨì¥@¬É¡A¤S·|±q¥@¬ÉÂ÷¶}¦^¨ì¤÷¨ºùØ¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ16:28¡^¡C·í©M¿p´µªL°Q½×¤T¦ì¤@Åé³oÃD¥Øªº®É­Ô¡A±oª`·N±j½Õ³o¨Ç¸t¤÷©M¸t¤lÃö«Yªº¸g¤å¡A¦]¬°³oÃö«Y±©¸t¤÷©M¸t¤l¿W¨É¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¤£¯à°Ñ»P¡C

3. ¸tÆF
¦b¾ã¨÷·s¬ùùØ¡A²Ä¤T­Ó¦ì®æ¸g±`¥X²{¡A¨º´N¬O¸tÆF¡C¥L©úÅã¦a¸ò¤÷©M¤l¨É¦³ºò±KªºÄݤÑÃö«Y¡C¤l±q¤÷¨ºùØ®t¬£¥L¨Ó¡A¥L¬O±q¤÷¥X¨Óªº¡A¥L¬°¤l§@¨£ÃÒ¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ14:26¡^¡C¤÷¦]¤lªº¦W®t¥L¨Ó¡A¥L·|«ü±Ðªù®{·Q°_¤l©Ò»¡¹Lªº¤@¤Á¸Ü¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ15:26¡^¡C

³oùةҤޥΪº¸g¤å³£¬O­C¿q°ò·þ¦Û¤v»¡ªº¡A¥L±q°_ªì´N¬O¤÷ªº¹D¡]¸Ü¡^¡A¥L»P¯«¦P¦b¡A¥L´N¬O¯«¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ1:1¡^¡C¦b¸t¸g¤¤¥L±`³QºÙ§@¯«ªº¨à¤l¡A¦Ó¤Ñ¤÷¦Û¤v¤]´¿¨â¦¸±q¤Ñ¤Wµo¥XÁn­µ§i¡A¡u³o¬O§Úªº·R¤l¡v¡]°¨¤ÓºÖ­µ4:17, 17:5¡^

¸t¸g¦³Ãö¤T¦ì¤@Å骺Án©ú

¸t¸g¦h³B´¿¥Î¦P¤@¥y¸Ü§â¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¤T­Ó¦ì®æ¦P®É¬ðÅã¥X¨Ó¡C§Ú­Ì¥H¨ä¤¤¤T³B¤ñ¸û²M·¡ªº¦a¤è¨Ó¸ò¿p´µªL¨Ó°Q½×³o­ÓÃD¥Ø¡C

1. °¨¤ÓºÖ­µ28:19¡G¤÷¡A¤l¡A¸tÆF
¦b³o¬q¸g¤åùØ¡A­C¿q°ò·þ¿Ë¦Û§h©Jªù®{­n©¹´¶¤Ñ¤U¥h¨Ï¸U¥Á§@ªù®{¡A¨Ã­n¡u©^¤÷¡A¤l¡A¸tÆFªº¦Wµ¹¥L­Ì¬I¬~¡v¡C¯S§Oªº¬O¡A­C¿q¦P®É´£¨ì¤T­Ó¦ì®æªº¦W¡A¦Ó¤S¥Î³æ¼Æ¨Óªí¥Ü¥L­Ì¬Oµ´¹ï¦X¤@ªº¡C­nª¾¹D·í¸t¸g¥Î¤W¡u¦W¡v³o¦r®É¡A³q±`³£¬O¥Î¨Ó»¡¤Î¬Y¤@­Ó¤H¡A¦p¡]Mosheh¡^¼¯¦è¡A³o¦W¦r¬O¥Nªí¥L¬O±q¤ôùسQ©Ô¥X¡]mashah¡^¨Óªº·N«ä¡C¦b°¨¤ÓºÖ­µ28:19¡A­C¿q¥Î¦W¨Óªí¹F³o¤T­Ó¦ì®æªº¬Û¦P¥»½è¡A´N¹³¦b»¡¡uµ¹¥L­Ì¬I¬~¶i¤J¤÷¡A¤l©M¸tÆFªº¤@­Ó¥»ÅéùØ¡v¡C


2. ­ôªL¦h«á®Ñ13:14¡G¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯¬ºÖ
«Où¥Î¡uÄ@¥D­C¿q°ò·þªº®¦´f¡B¯«ªº·O·R¡B¸tÆFªº·P°Ê¡A¡v¨Ó¯¬ºÖ­ôªL¦h¤H©Mµ²§ô³o«Ê«H¡C¦A¤@¦¸§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨£¤T­Ó¦ì®æªº¨C¤@¦ì©M¨ä¥Lªº¨â¦ì³£¦P®É¨ÃÃD¡A³o¬Oµ¹­ôªL¦h¤Hªº¯¬ºÖ¡A¤]¬O¦V¥L­Ì¶Ç¹F¤F¯«¥þ­±ªº¬ü·N¡C

3. ¥H¥±©Ò®Ñ2:18¡G¨Ó¨ì¥Ã«íªº¤÷­±«e
¦b³o¸`¸g¤å¤¤¡A«Où¦A¦¸´£¨ì¯«ªº¤T­Ó¦ì®æ¡A¥L­Ì¥Øªº¬Û¦P¡A¦³µÛÄݤѪºÁp¦X¡C¦b¸t¤l­C¿q°ò·þùØ¡AµS¤Ó¤H©M¥~¨¹¤H¥i¥HÂǵ۸tÆF¨Ó¨ì¥Ã«íªº¤÷¸ò«e¡C¦b³o¡A¤T­Ó¦ì®æªº¦X¤@¬O¤@¥Ø¤FµMªº¡A¥L­Ì¦bÄÝÆF¼h­±ªº¬Û¤¬Ãö«Y¤]Åã¦Ó©ö¨£¡C°¨¤ÓºÖ­µ28:19©Òªí¹Fªº¬O¦P¤@Äݤѥ»½è¡A­ôªL¦h«á®Ñ13:14¬O¦P¤@­Ó¯¬ºÖ¡A¦Ó³oùجO¦P¼ËÅý¤H¥i±µªñ¡C

¸t¸g¤¤¦³µL¼ÆÃÒ¾Úªí©ú¯«¬O¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¡C´Nºâ¦b¬ù²Ä¤G­Ó¦ì®æ¯«¤l¤]±`³Q´£¤Î¡A¦Ó¸tÆF¬O¯«ªºª½±µ¥N¿ì¡A¤]¬O¥L¦Û¤vªºÆF¡]³Ð¥@°O1:2, ¸Ö½g51:11¡^¡C¦V¿p´µªL¶ÇºÖ­µ¡A«D±`­«­nªº¬O­nÅý¥L­Ì¬Ý¨£¤T¦ì¤@Å骺«H©À¤£¬O±Ð·|³Ð³y¥X¨Ó¡A¨ä¦s¦b¤]¤£¬O¦]¬°­nªï¦X¤@¯«½×©Î¦h¯«½×ªº«H¥õ¦Ó¥Í¡A³oÆ[©À¬Oª½±µ·½¦Û¸t¸gªº±Ð¾É¡C

¥t¤è­±¡A¦V¥L­Ì«ü¥X¬O¦]¬°­C¿q°ò·þ¨Ó¨ì¥@¶¡¤~Åý¤H©ú¥Õ¯«ªº±Ò¥Ü¡A¥L¥»¬O­Ó¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«¡C¦b­C¿q¨Ó¤§«e¯«³q±`³QºÙ¬°­C©MµØ¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¥H¦â¦Cªº¥D¯«¡A¦Ó·í­C¿q¶}©l¶Ç¹D®É¡A¥L´£¨ì¯«¬O¤Ñ¤÷¡A¥L¬O¨à¤l¡A¥L¤SÁ¿¨ì¸tÆF·|¨Ó¡C¥Lªº±Ð¾É©ú¥Õ¦a«ü¥X¤÷¡A¤l¡A¸tÆF¤T¦ì¦P¦³ÄݤѪººaÄ£¡A¥L­Ìªº¥»½è¡A¥»Åé©M¥Øªº³£¤@­P¡A¥L­Ì¤§¶¡¤]¬Oµ´¹ï¦a¦X¤@¡C·s¬ù§â¤T­Ó¦ì®æªº¥\¯à¤À±o«Ü©úÅã¡A°ò·þ®{¥i¥H»{Ãѯ«¡]¤÷¡^¡A±o¥L³j§K¡]³q¹L¤l­C¿q°ò·þ¡^¡A©M¨É¨ü»P¯«¦P¦b¡]¦b¸tÆFùØ¡^¡C­C©MµØ¨Ã¨S¦³¦A³Q´£¤Î¡A¦]¬°©Ò¦³«H®{Âǵۯ«§ó²M·¡¦a±Ò¥Ü¦Û¤vªº¥»½è©M¥Lªº¤T­Ó¦ì®æ¡A³£¥i¥H¨É¨ü»P¯«§ó±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡C

2.2 ¯«Ãø¥H²z¸Ñªº¥»½è

¿p´µªL¡G ¥ì´µÄõ±Ð¦³Ãö¯«ªº·§©À«Ü®e©ö²z¸Ñ¡A¦ý°ò·þ±Ðªº¤T¦ì¤@Åé±Ð¸q«o¬O¥O¤HºN¤£µÛÀY¸£¡A´Nºâ§A¼g¤W¤d¦Ê³¡®Ñ¤]¬OÃø¥H¸ÑÄÀ²M·¡¡C¦Ó§Ú­Ìªº±Ð¸q´N³o»ò²³æ¡GHuwallaau ahad¡Ð¡Ð¥L¬O±©¤@ªº¦w©Ô¡C

¿p´µªL¸ÛµM«ÜÃø©ú¥Õ¬°¬Æ»ò¯«¥i¥H¬O¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¡A¦b¸ÑÄÀ³o­Ó¹D²zªº®É­Ô¡A°ò·þ®{«Ü®e©ö¤]·|¹³¿p´µªL¨º¼Ë²V¶Ã¡I§Ú­Ì±o©Z©Ó³o¨Ã«D¬O­Ó²³æªº·§©À¡A¦ý¥¦ªº½ÆÂø©Ê«o¤£¬Oºc¦¨¤Ï¹ï¥¦¯à§_¥ß¨¬ªº­ì¦]¡A¨Æ¹ê³o¥¿¬O¥¦³Ì±j«lªº¦a¤è¡C¦]¬°§Ú­Ì¬OÁ¿¨ì¤@¦ì¦t©z¥Ã¬¡ªº¯«ªº¥»½è¡A¥L¤ñ¤Ñ¦a³£°¶¤j¡Ð¡Ð°²­Y§Ú­Ì³o¨Ç¦³­­ªº¤HÃþ¡Aµo²{¥Lªº°ò¥»¯S½èÃø¥H©úÁA¡A³o¤@ÂI³£¤£À³¥O¤H·P¨ìÅå³Y¡C´N¦p¸t¸g©Ò»¡¡G

§A¦Ò¹î´N¯à´ú³z¡@¯«¶Ü¡H§A°Z¯àºÉ±¡´ú³z¥þ¯àªÌ¶Ü¡H¥Lªº´¼¼z°ª©ó¤Ñ¡A§AÁٯవ¬Æ»ò¡H²`©ó³±¶¡¡A§AÁٯા¹D¬Æ»ò¡H
¬ù§B°O11:7-8

¿p´µªL«ÅºÙ¥ì´µÄõ±Ð¦³Ãö¯«ªº·§©À«D±`®e©ö´x´¤¡A©Ò¥H¤ñ°ò·þ®{¤]¦Û»{¬OÃø©úªº±Ð¸q§ó¯à³Q±µ¨ü¡C³o¥O¤H¸T¤£µÛ­n°Ý¡A¤@­Ó®e©ö¥H¤Hªº«äºû¨Ó©ú¥Õªº¯«ªº·§©À¡A¬O§_¤]¬O±q¦P¤@­Ó¦a¤èµÞªÞ¥X¨Óªº©O¡H´N¦pKenneth Cragg©Ò»¡¡A¦³Ãö¯«ªº±Ð¸q¨Ã¤£¦b¥G¯à°÷¥H¤@¨â¥y¸Ü»¡²M¨Ó¦Û»¨¡C§Ú­Ì¨ÃµL»Ý­n²³æ¡C¿p´µªL§@®aAfif TabbarahÁ¿¨ìÂI¤l¤W¨Ó¡A¥L»¡¸U­xªº¯«»P¥Lªº¨ü³yª«·¥¤£¬Û¦P¡A¥Lªº³Õ¤jºë²`¤£¬O²³æªº¸£³U¯à°÷·Q¹³±o¨ìªº¡C

´M§ä¯«ªºª¾ÃÑ

¤T¦ì¤@Å骺±Ð¸q¨Ã¤£¬O¹H¤Ï²z©Ê¡A¥u¬O¶W¶V¤HÃþ©Ò¦³¦³­­ªº²z©Ê¦Ó¤w¡C¥¦»Ý­n¥H¤£¦Pªº¤èªk¥h©ú¥Õ¥¦¡C²z©Êªº¤ÀªR¬ã¨s©Ò¯à±o¨ìªº¥u¬O·L¥G¨ä·L¡C¨Ï®{«Où»¡¡G

¯«¥s¦º¤H´_¬¡¡A§A­Ì¬°¬Æ»ò¬Ý§@¤£¥i«Hªº©O¡H
¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç26:8

«Où¦V¨È°ò©¬¤ý©M¥L®c§Êùتº¤H³¯Ãã¡A¥L¨Ã¨S¦³¥Î¥ô¦ó²z©Êªº¸ÑÄÀ¨Ó»¡©ú¬°¬Æ»ò¦º¤H¥i¥H´_¬¡¡C©Ò¦³¦ÛµM¥@¬Éªº¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨s³£¤£¯àµ¹¤@­Ó²z©Êªº¸ÑÄÀ³o¬°¬Æ»ò¥i¯à¡C³o¬O­Ó«H¤ß°ÝÃD¡C©Ò¦³¿p´µªL¥u¯à¾Ì«H¤~¯à±µ¨ü¦º¤H´_¬¡³o¦^¨Æ¡C§Ú­Ì¤]³\­n°Ý¡A¬°¬Æ»ò¥L­Ì¨º»òÃø¥H±µ¨ü¡A²ÎºÞµÛ¦t©zªº¸U­x¤§¯«¡A¥LªºµL­­©M¥Ã«íªº¥»½è¥»À³¬OÃø¥H©ú¥Õªº¡H

·s¬ù¸t¸g­«µø§Ú­Ì¸ò¯«ªºÃö«Y¡A¦h¹L§Ú­Ì¹ï¥L¥»½èªº»{ÃÑ¡C§Ú­Ì»{Ãѯ«ªº¬Y¨Ç¤è­±¡A¨Ã¤£¦p§Ú­Ì¯uªºª¾¹D¥L¨º»ò­«­n¡C°l¨D¯«ªº¸t¼ä¡A±oµÛ¸oªº³j§K©M¥Ã¥Íªº½T¾Ú¤~¬O¸t¸gªºµÛ­«ÂI¡C¥¿¦p«Où©Ò»¡¡A§Ú­Ì»¡»{Ãѯ«¡A§óÀ³»¡¬O³Q¯«©Ò»{ÃÑ¡]¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ4:9¡^¡C³q¹L±Ò¥Ü¯«Åã¥Ü¤F¥L¥Ã«íªº¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¥»½è¡A­C¿q°ò·þ¬O¨º¬Ý¤£¨£ªº¯«ªº¹³¡]ºqù¦è®Ñ1:15¡^¡A¦b¥LùØ­±¦³§Î¦³Åé¦a¦íµÛ¯«¥»©Ê¤@¤ÁªºÂײ±¡]ºqù¦è®Ñ2:9¡^¡A§Ú­Ì¯S§O¬OÂǵۭC¿q©Ò±Ò¥Üªº¨Ó»{Ãѯ«¡A¤]³Q¯«©Ò»{ÃÑ¡C¿p´µªL±o³Q§iª¾³Ì­«­nªº¬O§Ú­Ì»P¯«©M¦nªºÃö«Y¡A³Q¥L±µ¯Ç¡A·R©M³j§K¡A¦Ó¤£¬O§Ú­Ì¯à°÷¥h»{ÃÑ©M©ú¥Õ¥Lªº¥»½è¡C¯«Ä@·N§Ú­Ì¥h·R¥L©M¶¶ªA¥L¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥h¬ã¨s¥L©M¤ÀªR¥L¡C

¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡GÄݤѪº±Ò¥Ü

­n¹ï¿p´µªL«ü¥X¡AÁöµMù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|¡B´_­ì±Ð·|©M§ó¥¿±Ð·|¦b³\¦h¨Æ±¡¤W³£¦U¦³¦Uªº¬Ýªk¡A¦ý¥L­Ì±q¨Ó³£¨S¦³¬°¤T¦ì¤@Å骺±Ð¸q¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O·í¤¤ªº²Ó¸`°_¥ô¦óª§½×¡C­ì¦]¬O±Ð·|±q¥¼³Ð³y¹L³o±Ð¸q¡A¥¦³Qµo²{¬O³q¹L¬ãŪ¯«¦b¸t¸gªº±Ò¥Üªºµ²ªG¡C³o¬O±©¤@¦³Ãö¯«ªº±Ð¸q¡A¥i¥H±q«ÈÆ[¬ã¨s·s¬ù¸t¸gªº¦U®Ñ¨÷±o¥X¨Óªº¡C

¥D«á325¦~ªº¥§¦è¨È·|ij³Ì«á½T©w¤T¦ì¤@Å骺±Ð¸q¡C¤T¦ì¤@Åé³oµü³Ìªì¬O¥Ñ¯S¤h¨}©Ò­Òijªº¡A¥L¬O¦ì¨Ó¦Û«D¬wªº°ò·þ±Ð¦­´Áªº°¶¤j¾ÇªÌ¡C¿p´µªL±`±`§ìµÛ³oÂI¨Óª§ÅG¡A»¡³o±Ð¸q¬O±Ð·|¦b¥D«á¼Æ­Ó¥@¬ö¤~³Ð§@¥X¨Óªº¡C»¡±oª½²v¤@ÂI¡A¦³¨Ç¿p´µªL¬O³o¼Ëª§Ä³¡A¯«¤@¦V³£¥u¬O¤@¦ì¡A¬O±Ð·|¦b²Ä¤T¥@¬ö§â¥LÅܦ¨¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¡C®e§Ú´£Ä³¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î¦p¤UªºÅGÂI¨Ó»´ÃP¶V¹L³o¼ËªºªÈÄñ¡C

¤HÃþ¦h¤Ö¥@¬ö¥H¨Ó¤@ª½¬Û«H¦a²y¬O¥­ªº¡A¤Ó¶§¡B«í¬P©M¨ä¥L¬P²y¬O¶µÛ¦a²y¦ÓÂà¡C´N¦b´X­Ó¥@¬ö¥H«e¡A¥[¨½²¤¡B­ô¥Õ¥§©M¨ä¥L¤Ñ¤å¾Ç®a¶}©l«Å§G¦a²y¬O¶êªº³o­Ó¨Æ¹ê¡C¥L­Ì»¡¦a²y¬OÄa¦b¥bªÅ¤¤¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¶µÛ¤Ó¶§Â઺¡C³o²z½×³Q»é¥¸¡]¤j·§¬O³Q±Ð·|½}¡I¡^¥u¦]¦³¥v¥H¨Óªº±Ð¾É¦a²y³£¬O¥­ªº¡A¤@¯ë±`ÃѤ]§i¶D¤H³o¬P²y¬O¤£°Êªº¡A¬O¤Ñ³òµÛ§Ú­Ì¦b°Ê¡C¬Û«H§Ú­Ìªº¦a²y¨C¤Ñ¥H¨C¤p®É¶W¹L¤@¤d­^­ùªº³t«×¦b¦ÛÂà¡A¤S³òµÛ¤Ó¶§¥H¨C¤p®É¤d¸U­^­ù¤½Âà¡A¦Ó¥B§ó¬O¦b¦t©z¤¤¥H·¥°ª³t«e¶i¡A³o¨Ç·§©À¹ï·í®Éªº¤H¨Ó»¡¬O§¹¥þ¤£¦X²zªº¡C¬O¤µ¤Ñ¬ì¾ÇªºÃÒ¾Ú¤~¯à¥O§Ú­Ì³o¼Ë±µ¨ü¡A¦ý¥¦¤´µM¬O«D±`Ãø©ú¡C¦ý¯«ªº¥»½è¨Ã¤£¬O¥Î¬ì¾Çªº¤èªk´N¯àÃÒ©ú¡A¥L¥i¯à©M¤Hªº¤@¯ë·§©À§¹¥þ¬Û¤Ï¡A´N¹³¥H«e¤H¹ï¬P»Ú¨t²Îªº²z¸Ñ¨º¼Ë¡C¦ý±Ð·|¹ï¤T¦ì¤@Å骺»{²M¡A­n¤ñ§Ú­Ìµo²{¦t©zªº¯u²zÁÙ¦­¤Q¥|­Ó¥@¬ö¡C¬°¬Æ»ò¡H¯Â¬O¦]¬°¯«¦b¸t¸gùئV§Ú­Ì±Ò¥Ü¥Lªº¯u¥¿¥»½è¡C±Ð·|¨Ã¨S¦³§â¯«Åܦ¨¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡A¥L±q°_ªì¨ì¥Ã»·³£¬O³o¼Ëªº¡C

¦³¨Ç¿p´µªLª§©í»¡¤T¦ì¤@Å骺·§©À¤£¯à¥Î¼Æ¾Ç¨ÓÃÒ©ú¡A¦]¬°1+1+1=3¡A¬O¨S¦³¿ìªkÅܦ¨¬°¤@ªº¡C¥u¬O¼Æ¾Ç¤]¥Î¤W¤@­Ó¿W¥ßªº²Å¸¹ ¥h©w¸qµL­­¡A¦]¬°¥¦µLªk©M´¶³qªº¼Æ¦r©Î¥[©Î´î©Î­¼©Î°£¡C©Ò¥HµL­­ªº¯«¬O¤£¯à¥Î¦³­­ªº¤èªk¥h²z¸Ñªº¡A§Ú­Ìªº¼Æ¾Ç¬O­Ó²@¤£¨¬°÷ªº¼Ð·Ç¨Ó©ú¥Õ¥Ã«íªº¨Æ¹ê¡I

°ò·þ±Ð¨ÃµL¸Õ¹Ï¦V¥@¬Éªí©ú¤@¦ì¥i²z¸Ñªº¯«¡A¥¦¥Øªº¦®¦bÅã©ú¤@¦ì¥i»{ÃѪº¯«¡Ð¡Ð¨º¦ì·R¥L¨à¤kªº¤÷¡A¨º¦ì¬°±ÏÅ«¤H¦Ó¦ºªº¤l¡A¥H¤Î­«¥Í©M¼ä²b¤Hªº¸tÆF¡C¤Hªº¥Ø¼Ð¬O­n¨ì¤Ñ°ó¥h©M¯«¦b¤@°_¡Ð¡Ð¤£¬O­n§â¤Ñ°ó¤Äµe¦b¦a¹Ï¤W¡A©ÎªÌ¬Oºc«ä¤@­Ó®e©ö²z¸Ñªº¯«ªº·§©À¡A¨Ñ¤H¤ÀªR©ÎÁY¤p¦Ü¤@¨â¥y¸Ü¥i¸Ñ©ú¡C

2.3 ¯«ªº¦X¤@¡G¤T¦ì¤@Å骺®Ú¾Ú

¿p´µªL¡G ¨Æ¹ê¬O°ò·þ®{¦b·q«ô¤T­Ó¯«¡A¬O¥Ç¤F¹°¶Vªº¸o¡C¸t¸g±j½Õ¯«¬O±©¤@ªº¯«¡C§A­Ìªº±Ð¸q©M§A­Ìªº¸t¸g¨Ã¤£¤@­P¡C§A¤£¯à§â¤T­Ó¦ì®æ©ñ¦b¤@¦ì¯«ùØ¡C

¥O¤H¤£¯à©ú¥Õªº¬O¡A¿p´µªLª§©í»¡¸t¸g±j½Õ¯«¬O¤@ªº¡A¦n¹³³o¼Ë´N¯à§â¤T¦ì¤@Å骺±Ð¸q¥´À£¡C¬ù«ÅºÙ¡u¤Ñ¤W¦a¤U±©¦³­C©MµØ¥L¬O¯«¡A°£¥L¥H¥~¡A¦AµL§O¯«¡C¡v¡]¥Ó©R°O4:39¡^¦Ó·s¬ù¦P¼Ë»¡¨ì¡u¥D¢w§Ú­Ì¯«¬O¿W¤@ªº¥D¡v¡]°¨¥iºÖ­µ12:29¡^¡A©M¡u¯«¬J¬O¤@¦ì¡v¡]ù°¨®Ñ3:30, ¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ3:20¡^¡C¸ò¿p´µªL°Q½×¤T¦ì¤@Åé®É¡A±q°_ªì´N¤Þ¥Î³o¨Ç¸g¤å¨Ó«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó»{ª¾«Ü¦³¥Î¡A¨º´N¬O¯«¬O¦X¤@ªº³o­Ó·§©À¨ä¹ê³£¬O¥þ¥»¸t¸g¥H¤Î¥jÄõ¸gªº°ò­n±Ð¾É¡C°ÝÃD¥u¦b©ó¸t¸g¦³Ãö¦X¤@ªº¯«³o±Ð¸q¤¤ªº¤T¦ì¤@Åé½ÆÂøÆ[©À¡C

¯«¡G¤T¦Ó¬°¤@¡A¤£¬O¤T­Ó¯«

¤T«ç·|¦¨¬°¤@©O¡H¿p´µªLªººÃ°Ý¬O¦³¹D²zªº¡C©Ò¦³¤H³£¬OÂA©úªº­ÓÅé©M¦³µÛ¤£¦P©Ê®æ¡A«ç¥i¥H¤T­ÓÅܦ¨¤@­Ó¨Ã¦³³æ¤@ªº¥»½è¡C§Ú­Ì¹ï³o°ÝÃDªºµª®×±o¦^¨ì¸t¸gùØ¡A§ä¥X¤÷¡B¤l©M¸tÆF¬O«ç¼Ëªí¹Fªº¡C

1. ¬ù¿«¤@®Ñ1:5¡G¯«¬O¥ú
¸t¸g±`±`Á¿¨ì³o¤@­Ó¥DÃD¡C¯«³QºÙ¬°¡u²³¥ú¤§¤÷¡K¡K¦b¥L¨Ã¨S¦³§ïÅÜ¡A¤]¨S¦³Âà°Êªº¼v¨à¡C¡v¡]¶®¦U®Ñ1:17¡^¯«ªº¨à¤l­C¿q°ò·þ¤]¦ÛºÙ¡u§Ú¬O¥@¬Éªº¥ú¡C¸ò±q§Úªº¡A´N¤£¦b¶Â·tùب«¡A¥²­n±oµÛ¥Í©Rªº¥ú¡C¡v¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ8:12¡^·s¬ù¤]»¡¨ì¥L¬O¥Ã¤£§ïÅܪº¡A¬Q¤é¡B¤µ¤é¡B¤@ª½¨ì¥Ã»·¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C¡]§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ13:8¡^¡CÂǵ۸tÆF¡A¯«§ó¬O·ÓÄ£§Ú­Ìªº¤ß¡Aµ¹§Ú­Ì¡u¯«ºaÄ£ªº¥úÅã¦b­C¿q°ò·þªº­±¤W¡C¡v¡]­ôªL¦h«á®Ñ4:6¡^±q³o¥i©úÅ㨣¨ì¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«¦b¥»½è©M¥Øªº¤W³£¬Oµ´¹ïªº¦X¤@¡C

2. ¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ3:33¡G¯«¬O¯u²z
¸t¸gÁ¿¨ì¯u²z¬O¤÷¯«³Ì­«­nªº¥»½è¡A©Ò¥H¯«ªº¨à¤l¥i¥H«Å§i¡u§Ú´N¬O¯u²z¡v¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ14:6¡C¡^¦P¼Ë¸tÆF¤]³QºÙ¬°¡u¯u²zªºÆF¡v¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ15:26¡^¡C¦b¥L­ÌùØ­±¨S¦³µê°²¡C¦A¤@¦¸§Ú­Ìµo²{¤HÃþ¦b©Ê®æ©M«~¼w¤W³£·|¦³®t§O¡A¦ý¤÷¡A¤l©M¸tÆF§¹¥þ¨S¦³®t§Oªº¡C¥L­Ì³£¬O¯u²z¡C

3. ¬ù¿«¤@®Ñ4:8¡G¯«¬O·R
·s¬ù±`±`Á¿¨ì¤÷ªº·R¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ16:27¡^¡A¦ý¤SÁ¿¨ì¯«ªº·R¬OÂǵۮt¬£¥Lªº¨à¤l¥h±ÏÅ«¤Hªº¸o¦Ó¹üÅã¥X¨Ó¡]ù°¨®Ñ5:8, ¬ù¿«¤@®Ñ4:10¡^¡C¦P¼Ë¸t¸g¤SÁ¿¨ì¡u¸tÆF±N¯«ªº·R¼åÄé¦b§Ú­Ì¤ßùØ¡v¡]ù°¨®Ñ5:5¡^¡C¦A¤@¦¸¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¤T­Ó¦ì®æ³£¬O¦b¥»½è©M¥Øªº¤Wµ´¹ï¦X¤@ªº¡C

¦P¼Ë¸ÑÄÀ¤]¨£½Ñ¯«ªº¥Í©R¡C¤÷¬O©Ò¦³¥Í©Rªº·½ÀY¡A¦Ó¤l«hºÙ¦Û¤v¬°¡u¥Í©R¡v¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ11:25, 15:6¡^¡A¥L¤]³QºÙ¬°¡u¥Í©Rªº¥D¡v¡]¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç3:15¡^¡C¦Ó¯«¬OÂǵ۸tÆF½çµ¹§Ú­Ì¥Ã«íªº¥Í©R¡]ù°¨®Ñ8:11¡^¡C¦b©Ò¦³³o¨Ç¸g¤åùاڭ̳£¬Ý¨£ÄݤѪº¤T¦ì¦X¤@¡A¤£¬O¤T­Ó¿W¥ßªº¦ì®æ¡C§Ú­Ìªº±Ð¸q¬O¥H¯«ªº¦X¤@¬°¥Dªº¡C¨S¦³¦X¤@¡A¤T¦ì¤@Å骺°ò­n¥»½è´N·|²æ¸¨¡C§A¤£¯à¦b¯«¥»Å鬰¤@³o¥H¥~«Ø¥ß³o±Ð¸q¡C´N¦p­C¿q©Ò»¡¡u§Ú»P¤÷­ì¬°¤@¡v¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ10:30¡^¡A¦Ó³o­Ó§¹¥þªº¦X¤@¬O¸ò¸tÆF¤@»ô¤À¨Éªº¡C

¦­´Áªº¿p´µªL¹ï¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¤ÏÀ³

¬Ý¬Ý¦­´Áªº¿p´µªL§@®a¦p¦ó¦^À³¤T¦ì¤@Å骺±Ð¸q«Ü¦³½ì¡C¦b¥D«á¤E¥@¬ö¡AAbu Isa al-Warraq¼g¤F¤@½g³Ì­«­n©M³Ì¸ÔºÉªº½×¤å¡A¥LºÙ¤§¬°Ar-Radd ala al-Tathlith¡]¡u»é¥¸¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡v¡^¡C

Abu-Isa¦]¬°­n¦^À³»P¥L¦P´Áªº°ò·þ®{²z½×®a¦Ó¼g¦¨¸Ó½g¤å³¹¡C¨º¨Ç¤H¥H«D±`¦r­±ªº¸ÑÄÀ¨Ó±Ð¾É¤T¦ì¤@Å骺·§©À¡A¥L­Ì§âµJÂI©ñ¦b¤l¬O¹D¡A¦Ó¸tÆF¬O¥Í©R¤W¡Ð¡Ð³o¬O­Ó®t«lªº¤Àªk¡A¦]¬°¥¿¦p¤W¤å©Ò¨£¡A­C¿q°ò·þ±`±`»¡¦Û¤v´N¬O¡u¥Í©R¡v¡C³o»¡ªk´N¦p¤µ¤Ñªº°ò·þ®{¥Î³J¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡]³J¦³¤T³¡¥÷¡A³J´ß¡A³J¥Õ©M³J¶À¡^¨º¼Ë¡A³£¬O¥Î¤F¤@­Ó§Ú»{¬°¨Ã¤£§¹³Æ¡]¬Æ¦Ü¬O±`±`»~¾É¡^ªº¤èªk¡C¥L­Ì¬O¸Õ¹Ï¥Î²z©Ê¨ÓÃÒ©ú¤T­Ó¤£¦Pªº¹êÅé¥i¥H¬O¤@¡C

Abu Isa¥H¦P¼Ëªº¤è¦¡¨Ó¦^À³¡C¥L¸òÀH¿p´µªL¾ÇªÌAl-Kindi­º¥ý­Òijªº²Ä¤@­Ó­ì«h¡A´N¬O¯«¬O¤@­Ó¹êÅé¡A¬O¤£¯à­¿¼W©Î¤Àµõªº¡A¥Lªº¥»½è¤]¬O¤£·|¤Àµõ©Î­¿¼Wªº¡C·í¤j³¡¥÷ªº¿p´µªL³£±q¥jÄõ¸gªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó§ðÀ»°ò·þ±Ð±Ð¸q¡A´N¦p¦w©Ô¨S¦³¨à¤l¡A¨S¦³°t°¸¡A¦Ó­C¿q¥u¬O¤@¦ì«H¨Ï®É¡AAbu Isa«o¬O¥H¦r­±·N¸q¨Ó¹ïÀ³³o±Ð¸q¡A¥L¥ý¬O¼ôÃѳo±Ð¸q¡C

¥Lª§ÅG»¡¦pªG¥»½è´N¬O¹êÅé¡A¦Ó¹êÅé¬O¤@¡A¬OµL®t§Oªº¡A·í¥»½è¬O¤T®É¡A¨º»ò°ò·þ®{´N¬O§âµL®t§OªºÅܦ¨¦³®t§O¡C¥L¤Sª§©í»¡¡A¦pªG¹êÅé»P¥»½è¬O¤@¼Ò¤@¼Ë¡A¨º»ò¤@­Ó´Nµ¥¦p¥t¥~¤@­Ó¡C¤£¯à¦³¤T­Ó¦P¤@¼Ë¡A¦Ó¤@­Ó¤S¦p¨ä¥L¡C¦pªG¥L­Ì¬O¤£¤@¼Ëªº¡A¨º»ò¹êÅé´N¬O²Ä¥|­Ó¡C

Abu Isaªºª§ÅG¬O¥»©ó·í®É¬y¦æªº²z©Ê­ì«h¡A¨ä¤¤­ì«h¬O¤Hªº²z©Ê¬O§PÂ_ªº±©¤@¼Ð·Ç¡A¦Ó¥ýª¾©Ò»¡ªº±o¥Ñ³o¨Ó³W½d¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£¡A·í°ò·þ®{¥Î²z©Ê¤ÀªR©M¦³­­ªº­ì«h¨ÓÃÒ©ú¤T¦ì¤@Å骺®É­Ô¡A·|¦³¬Æ»ò¨Æ±¡µo¥Í¡C¦A¤@¦¸§Ú±o±j½Õ¥»®Ñ¦b¤Þ¨¥©Ò´£ªº­«ÂI¡Ð¡Ð­n«ö¸t¸g¦Ó«D±Ð¸q¡B²z©Ê©Î¨ÒÃÒ¨Ó§@¥X§AªºµªÂСC§Ú­Ì¹ï¿p´µªLªº¦^À³¬O¡A§Ú­Ìªº±Ð¸q¬O¯«±Ò¥Üªº²£ª«¡A¬O¤£¯à¥Î¤H¦³­­ªº²z©Ê¨Ó§PÂ_ªº¡C§Ú­Ì¥u¬O¹ï¯«¦³Ãö¦Û¤vªº±Ò¥Ü§@¥X¦^À³¡A´N¦pCarl Pfander©Ò»¡¡A¤Hªº²z©Ê¤£¯à§ì¦í¥Ã«íªº¯«¡A¥¦¦p·t²Hªº¤õ§â¡A¥²±oÅý¸ôµ¹¦p¤é¥ú·ÓÄ£ªº¯u²z¡C

2.4 ³o­Ó±Ð¸q¬O§_·½¦Û²§±Ð¡H

¿p´µªL¡G §A­Ìªº±Ð¸q¬O¨Ó¦Û¤£«Hªº²§±Ð¡A¥¦­Ì¦³¦Û¤vªº¤T¤@¯«¡A¦b°ò·þ±ÐÁÙ¥¼¥X²{¤§«e¤w¸g¦s¦b¤F¡C®J¤Î¤H¡B¦L«×¤H¡Bù°¨¤H©M§Æþ¤H³£¦³µL¼Æ¥L­Ì¬Û«Hªº¯«¯­¡C

¿p´µªL³q±`³£¤£²z·|¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«¦X¤@»P§_¡A¤Ï¦Ó³¼¦V§â°ò·þ®{ªº«H¥õ¬Ý¦¨¬O·q«ô¤T¦ì¯«ÆF¡A©ó¬O§@¥X«ü±±»¡³o±Ð¸q¸ò¥j¦Ñªº²§±Ð¦P¥X¤@Âá¡A·q«ô¦h¯«¡C¦b¿p´µªLªº§@«~¤¤©ÒÁ|ªº¨Ò¤l¯u¬O¦U¦¡¦U¼Ë¡C

³Q¥H¬°»P²§±Ð¬Û­Yªº¨ãÅé¨Ò¤l

¦b¿p´µªLªº¼g§@ùØÃD¨ì¤£¦Pªº¤T¯«¦X¤@¡A¦p§Æþªº©z´µ¡A¼wÀqÊÖ¦Õ©M¨Èªiù¡A¥L­Ì¤£ºÞ³o¨Ç¯«¯­¦³¨S¦³´£¨ì¥L­Ì¬O§_µ´¹ï¦X¤@¡A¤]¤£²z·|¥L­Ì¨ì©³©M¸t¸g©ÒÁ¿ªº¸t¤÷¡A¸t¤l¡A¸tÆF³o¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«ªº¤º®e¦³¨S¦³¬Ûªñªº¦a¤è¡C§Ú­Ì·|¬Ý¬Ý¨â­Ó³Ì±`³Q¤Þ¥Îªº¨Ò¤l¡A¬O¿p´µªL¥Î¥HÃÒ©ú¥L­Ìªº»¡ªk¡C

1. ®J¤Î¯«¯­¶ø´µ¨½´µ¡A¥ì§Æ´µ©M¦óÆF´µ
¦b¿p´µªLªº¥Zª«¤¤¡A¥L­Ì³q±`³£·|´£¨ì®J¤Î¤H¤]¦³¤T¦ì¯«ÆF¡A¥L­Ì¬O¶ø´µ¨½´µ¡A¥ì§Æ´µ©M¦óÆF´µ¡C¿p´µªL»{¬°¥L­Ì¤]ºâ¬O®J¤Î¤Hªº¡u¤T¯«¬°¤@¡v¡A©M°ò·þ±Ðªº¤T¤@¯«¬O¦P¥X¤@Âá¡C¦A¤@¦¸¡A·í¸ò¿p´µªL°Q½×®É¡A±o±j½Õ¯«¥»Å骺¦X¤@¡A¬O°ò·þ®{«H¥õªº¤@¯«½×ªº°ò¦¡C¤T¦ì¤@Åé³oµü´N¥]§tµÛ¦X¤@ªº·§©À¡A¥u¦³¿p´µªL¤~ª¾¹D¥L­Ì©Ò»¡ªº¡u¤T¯«¬°¤@¡v¬O¬Æ»ò·N«ä¡C³o»¡ªk¥»¨­´N¦s¦bµÛ¥Ù¬Þ¡C

¶ø´µ¨½´µ¡A¥ì§Æ´µ©M¦óÆF´µ³o´X­Ó¯«¸Üùتº¯«¯­¬O¤@®a¤H¡A¥]¬A¤÷¡B¥À©M¤l¡C³o¸ò°ò·þ±Ð±Ð¸qªº¤÷¡A¤l©M¸tÆF¬OÂÕ¤§¤d¨½¡CÁÙ¦³ªº¬O¡A¥L­Ì¥u¬O®J¤Î²³¦h¯«¯­ùتº¨ä¤¤¤T­û¡A¥L­Ìªº¯«ÆFÁÙ¥]¬ANun, Atum , Ra, Khefri, Shu, Tefnut, Anhur, Geb, Nut ©MSetµ¥¡C

¥t¤è­±¶ø´µ¨½´µ¬O¤£¤î¤@­Ó¡Ð¡Ð¦Ñ¶ø´µ¨½´µ¡AEdfuªº¶ø´µ¨½´µ¡A¦ó§Æ´µªº¨à¤l¶ø´µ¨½´µµ¥¡C®J¤Î¤H¤£¬O¤T¤@¯«½×ªÌ¡A¥L­Ì¤£¬Û«H¥u¦³¤@¦ì¦Ü°ªªÌ¡A¦b¥»½è©M¥»©Ê¤W¬O¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¡C¥L­Ì·q«ô³\¦h¤£¦Pªº¯«ÆF¡A¦Ó¶ø´µ¨½´µ¡A¥ì§Æ´µ©M¦óÆF´µ¥u¬O¨ä¤¤ªº¤T­Ó¡A¦Ó¥L­Ì¤]µ´¤£¦X¤@¡C§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨£³o¨Ç²§±Ð©Ò«H©^ªº¤T¯«¤Ï¦Ó§ó¹³¥jÄõ¸g¹ï°ò·þ±Ð±Ð¸qªº»~¸Ñ¡A¬Oµ´¤£¦P©ó¨º¥»©ó¸t¸gªº¯u¥¿±Ð¸q¡C

2. ¦L«×±Ðªº¤T¯«¤@Åé¡G±Cù¶P¼¯¡AÏi·æÎÔ¡AÀã±C
¦L«×±Ð¬Û«Hªº¬O¤T¯«¤@Åé¡Ð¡Ð¥]¬A¤F±Cù¶P¼¯¡AÏi·æÎÔ¡AÀã±C³o¤T¦ì¯«ÆF¡C¿p´µªL±`»¡°ò·þ®{ªº¤T¦ì¤@Åé¬O±q³oÆ[©À¤Þ¦ù¥X¨Óªº¡C¦ý±q¾ú¥v¨¤«×¨Ó¤ÀªR³o¦L«×±Ð«H©À¡A·|µo²{¥¦®Ú¥»©M§Ú­Ìªº«H¥õ¬O­·°¨¤û¤£¬Û¤Î¡C

±Cù¶P¼¯¬O­Ó¨S¦³¦ì®æªº¯«¯­¡A¥¦¥u¥NªíµÛ¸Uª«©M¿Óªº§¹¬ü¹Ò¬É¡CÏi·æÎÔ¸ò¤@­Ó¤k¯«ÆFµ²±B¡A¦ÓÀã±C«h¬O¦L«×Savitesªº¤j¯«¡C¥L­Ì©¼¦¹¤§¶¡¨S¦³¥ô¦óÃö«Y¡C¦L«×±ÐÁÙ¦³¨ä¥LµL¼Æªº¯«¯­¡A¹³Krishna, Rama, Sita, Ganesh, Hanuman, Kaliµ¥µ¥¡C¦bUpanishad, Vedas©M¨ä¥L¦L«×±Ðªº¥j¥N¤åÄmùØ¡A±q¨S´£¨ì±Cù¶P¼¯¡AÏi·æÎÔ©MÀã±C¬O¦³¤T­«Ãö«Yªº¡CVedas«ü¥X¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤T¤Q¤T­Ó¯«ÆF¡A¥¦­Ì³£¦U¦Û¬°¬F¡A©¼¦¹¹ï¼Ä¡C¦Ó¥¦­Ì·í¤¤¤]°ù¤F¤£¤Ö¦L«×±Ðªº¤k¯«¯­¡C

¤T¯«¤@Åé³o·§©À¥u¬O¦b«á´ÁªºSanskrit¥X²{¡A¦b¥D«á¤­¥@¬ö¤§«e®Ú¥»±q¥¼´£¤Î¡A³o­n¤ñ°ò·þ±Ðªº¤T¦ì¤@Åé±Ð¸q³Q§¹¥þ«Ø¥ßªº¤é¤l¿ð³\¦h¦~¤é¡C¿p´µªL¥u¬O­n¥ÎºÉ¤èªk§â°ò·þ±Ð©Ò¬Û«Hªº¤T¤@¯«¡A­J¶ÃÂkÃþ¦b²§±Ðªº¯«¯­¤§¤¤¡A¤]¤£ºÞ¥i¦æ¤£¥i¦æ¡C

¸t¸g¨º¦ì¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«¬O¿W¯Sªº

«ü±±§Ú­Ìªº±Ð¸q¬O·½¦Û²§±Ð«H¥õªº¿p´µªL¡A¥L­Ì±o´£¥X§ó¦h©M§ó¦n¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O¯u¾Ì¹ê¾Ú¨ÓÃÒ©ú§Ú­Ì©Ò«Hªº¬O¨Ó¦Û²§±Ð¡C¤T¦ì¤@Å骺±Ð¸q¬Oµ´¹ï¿W¯Sªº¡A¥ô¦ó©v±Ð©M­õ¾Ç³£¨S¦³¬ÛÃþ¦üªº«ä·Q¡C¦pªG¤£¬O±q·s¬ùªº½g´T¦V§Ú­Ì±Ò¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡A¬O¨S¦³¤H¯à§â¥¦³Ð³y¥X¨Óªº¡C¥¦·½¦Û¤@­Ó¤@¯«½×¥D¾ÉªºµS¤Ó¤HªÀ·|¡A©Ò¥Nªíªº¯«¬O©M¬ù¥H¦â¦Cªº¯«§¹¥þ¤@­Pªº¡C

·í¿p´µªL»¡°ò·þ®{ªº¤T¤@¯«½×¬O·½¦Û²§±Ðªº®É­Ô¡A°ò·þ®{¥i¥H¦³·¥¨Îªº¾÷·|¦V¥L­Ì¶ÇÁ¿¯«ªººaÄ£©M¥L¦b§Ú­Ì·í¤¤¬I¦æ±Ï®¦ªº¤j¯à¡C§Ú­Ì±Ð¸q¿W¯Sªº¦a¤è¬O¥¦Á¿¨ì¯«¦³¤T­Ó¦ì®æ¡A¸t¤÷¡A¸t¤l©M¸tÆF¡C·s¬ùªº§@ªÌ¨Ã¨Sªá¤u¤Ò¥h½T©w°ò·þ±Ðùئ³Ãö¯«ªº±Ð¸q¡A¤]¨S§@¥ô¦ó¾ã²z©Î¸ÑÄÀ¡C¥L­Ì¥u¬O¥h¶Ç´­¥¦¡I¨º¬O«á¥@ªº°ò·þ®{¾ÇªÌ¦b¸ÑÄÀ¥L­Ìªº±Ð¾É®É¤~§â³o±Ð¸q²M·¡½T©w¡C

°¨¤Ó¡B°¨¥i¡B¸ô¥[¡B¬ù¿«¡B«Où©M¨ä¥L·s¬ù§@ªÌ³ÌÃö¤ßªº¬O¶ÇÁ¿¤÷¯«¡A¸t¤l©M¸tÆF¸ò«H®{ªºÃö«Y¡C¥L­Ìªº¥Øªº¬O­n³ê°_¤H±q¤ß©³ùعﯫ§@¥X«H¤ßªº¦^À³¡A¨Ã¥B±j¤Æ³o«H¤ß¡C´N¦p¥ý«e§Ú©Ò«ü¥X¡A¯«¤£·Q§Ú­Ì¥h¤¶©w¡A¤ÀªR©ÎÆ[©À¤Æ¥L¡A¥L¬OÄ@·N§Ú­Ì¥h¬Û«H¡A¶¶ªA©M«H¾a¥L¡C¥L¤£¯à³Q¬Ý¨£¡A³Qª«½è¤Æ¡A©Î¹q¸£¤Æ¡A¥L§ó¤£¯à³QÁY¤p¦¨¥ô¦ó¼Ò¼Ë¥H¦Ü³Q¤H³W­­©w¸q¡A¦ý¥L¥i¥H³Q»{ÃÑ¡C¦Ü©ó°ò·þ®{©M¿p´µªL¤§¶¡ªº°ÝÃD¡A­«ÂI¨Ã«D¦b¯«ªº¨­¥÷¤W­±¡A¦Ó¬O§Ú­Ì¦³­¢¤Á»Ý­n±oµÛ¥Lªº³j§K¡A±µ¨ü¥Lªº¸tÆF¡A¨Ã¥B­Ó§O¥h»{ÃÑ¥L¡A¦¨¬°¥Lªº¨à¤k¡A¥H¤Î³Ì²×©Ó¨ü¥Lªº°ê¡C

¦b¤U¤@¸`§Ú­Ì·|¬Ý¬Ý¦³¨º¨Ç¦n¤èªk¥h¸ò¿p´µªL°Q½×¤T¦ì¤@Åé³oÃD¥Ø¡A¨Ã¥i¥H«ç¼Ë§Q¥Î³o¨Ç¾÷·|¨Ó§@¨£ÃÒ¡A¦Ó«D¸ò¥L­Ìª§©íÅG½×¡C

2.5 ¸t¤÷¡A¸t¤l©M¸tÆF

¿p´µªL¡G ®Ú¾Ú¥jÄõ¸gªº±Ð¾É¡A¤H³Ì¤jªººaÅA´N¬O§@¦w©Ôªº¹²¤H¡A¥L¬O§Ú­Ìªº¥D©M¥D¤H¡C§Ú­Ì»Ý­nªº¬O¶¶ªA¥Lªº«ßªk©M¬Û«H¥¼¤éªº®É­Ô¥L·|³j§K§Ú­Ìªº¸o¡C

¹ï©ó¿p´µªL¨Ó»¡¡A¤H¨ÃµL«OÃÒ¯à±o¯«ªº²²ÅU¡A©Î¦b¤µ¥Í±o¨ì¥Lªº³j§K¡A¥t¥~¤H¤]µL±q»{Ãѯ«©ÎªÌ¬O¸ò¥L¦³­Ó¤HªºÃö«Y¡C¥jÄõ¸g»¡¡G

¤Z¦b¤Ñ¦a¶¡ªº¡A±N¨Ó¨S¦³¤@­Ó¤£¹³¥£¹²¤@¼ËÂk¨Ì¦Ü¤¯¥Dªº¡C Surah 19.93

§@¹²¤H¤@¦r¬Oabd¡C¦b¦P¤@³¹¸g¤åµy«e¡A­C¿q´¿§@¹L³o¼Ëªº«Å§i¡A¡u§Ú½T¬O¯u¥Dªº¹²¤H¡v¡]Surah 19:30¡^©Ò¥Îªº¤]¬O¦P¤@­Óªü©Ô§B¦r¡C®Ú¾Ú¥ì´µÄõ±Ðªº±Ð¾É¡A¥ô¦ó¤H¦b¦w©Ô¤§«eªº³Ì°ª¨­¥÷¡A´N¬O§@¨º¯«¸tªº¥D®_©M¼f§PªÌªº¹²¤H¡C¬G¦¹¿p´µªL¬Û«H¡A¥L­Ì¥Í¬¡¯Â¬O¬°¤F§@¯«ªº¹²¤H¡AÁȨú¥Lªº²²ÅU¡A©M¬ß±æ¦b´_¬¡¨ÓÁ{®É±o¨ì¥LªºÃd©¯¡C°ò·þ®{¦b³o¤è­±¥i¥H¦³¤@­ÓºaÄ£ªº¥Ý³õ¥h¶ÇÁ¿¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯u¯«¡AÅý¥L­Ì»{ÃѨº§ó¤jªº¬ß±æ©M¨º§óºaÄ£ªº¯«¡C

¸t¤÷¡G¯«¬°§Ú­Ì
¸ò¾Ú¥ì´µÄõªº¡m¸t°V¡n¡A¦w©Ô¦³¤E¤Q¤E­Ó¬ü¦W¡]al-asma 'jl hasna¡^¡A³o¨Ç³£¬O¥Lªº¼w©Ê¡C¤H­Y¼ô­I¥¦­Ì´N¯à¶i¤J¤Ñ°ó¡]Sahih Muslim ¥|¨÷¡A1410­¶¡^¡CÀY¤Q¤T­Ó¬ü¦W«ö¦¸§Ç°O¸ü¦bSurah 59.22-24¡A¥ý¬OAr-Rahman¡]·O·R¡^¡A ±µµÛ¬OAr-Rahim¡]¼¦¼§¡^¡A Al-Malik¡]¥D®_¡^©M Al-Quldus¡]¸t¼ä¡^µ¥¡C¸ò¾ÚSufiªº¿p´µªL©Ò¨¥¡A¦w©Ô¨ä¹ê¦³¤@¦Ê­Ó¦W¦r¡A¤£¹L¥u¦³Sufiªº°¶¤j¾ú¥v®a±oµÛ±Ò¥Ü¡C

§Ú±`¸ò¿p´µªLÁ¿¡A¦pªG¯u¦³¤@­Ó¦W¦r¥á¥¢¡A¨º´N¤£À³¬O²Ä¤@¦Ê­Ó¡A¦Ó¬O²Ä¤@­Ó¡A´N¬O¯«¦b·s¬ùùس̴¶¹Mªº¦W¦r¡A¤÷¡C­È±oª`·Nªº¬O¡A¦b¥jÄõ¸g©ÎªÌ¬O¨ä¥L¦­´Áªº¥ì´µÄõ±Ð§@«~ùØ¡A¯«ªº¦W¦r¬O±q¨S¦³¤÷³oºÙ¿×¡C¬°¬Æ»ò©O¡H¦]¬°«ö²z¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG¥jÄõ¸g±Ð¾É¤H¦b¯«­±«e³Ì°¶¤jªº¨¤¦â¥u¬O¹²¤Hªº¸Ü¡A¨º¥L´N¥u¯à§@¥L­Ìªº¥D¤H¡]Al-Malik¡^¡C¾Ú¥jÄõ¸gªº»¡ªk¡A§Ú­Ì®Ú¥»´N¤£±o¦¨¬°¯«ªº¨à¤k¡Ð¡Ð¦ý¨Æ¹ê¬O¥¦«oÁ¿¹L¬Û¤Ïªº½×½Õ¡]Surah 6.100¡^¡C

·í­C¿q¶}©l¶Ç¹D®É¡A¥L¤£Â_±Ð¾É¯«¬O©Ò¦³¯u«H®{ªº¤÷¡C³o­ÓºÙ¸¹¬O¤T¦ì¤@Å骺²Ä¤@­Ó¦ì®æ¡A§i¶D§Ú­Ì¯«¬O¬°§Ú­Ìªº¡C¦pªG¥L¤w¬O§Ú­Ìªº¤÷¿Ë¡A§Ú­Ì´N¤£¥Î¦A§@¥£Áõ©Î¬O¹²¤H¡A§Ú­Ì¬O¥Lªº¨à¤k¡C¸ò¿p´µªL¹ï¸Ü®É¡A§â¹²¤H©M¨à¤kªº¨¤¦â§@¤@¤ñ¸û·|¦³®Ä¥Î¡C¹²¤H±oÁȨú¨C¤Ñªº¥Í¬¡©Ò»Ý¡A¥Lªº¥D¤H¤£¤@©w¹ï¥L¦³¥ô¦ó·P±¡¡A¥L¥u­n¨D¥L°µ¦n¥Lªº³d¥ô¡C¦pªG¹²¤H¤£¯àºÉ¥»¥÷¡A¥LÀH®É·|³Q¸Ñ¹µ¡C¥L¦íªº¬O¥D¤H«Î¥~¡A©Î¤U¤Hªº¦í³B¡C¨à¤lª¾¹D¥L¬O¤÷¿Ë©Ò·Rªº¡A¥L¤£·|³Q¤÷¿Ë»°¥X®aªù¡C¥L¤£¥ÎÁȨú¦Û¤vªº¦a¦ì¡A¥L¥Í¦Ó¦³³o­ÓÅv§Q¡C¥L¦í¦b¤÷®a¡A¦³¦Û¤vªº©Ð¶¡¡C¥L©Ò¦³ªº¦Û¥Ñ¬O¹²¤H¨S¦³ªº¡A¦]¬°¥Lª¾¹D¤÷¿Ë¬O¬°¥LµÛ·Qªº¡C¯u¥¿ªº°ò·þ®{¤]¬O¤@¼Ë¡A¥Lª¾¹D¯«·R¥L¡C

§A¬Ý¤÷½çµ¹§Ú­Ì¬O¦óµ¥ªº·O·R¡A¨Ï§Ú­Ì±oºÙ¬°¡@¯«ªº¨à¤k¡F§Ú­Ì¤]¯u¬O¥Lªº¨à¤k¡C
¬ù¿«¤@®Ñ3:1

§A­Ì³o¤p¸s¡A¤£­nÄß©È¡A¦]¬°§A­Ìªº¤÷¼Ö·N§â°ê½çµ¹§A­Ì¡C
¸ô¥[ºÖ­µ12:32

¥u¦³»{Ãѯ«¬O§Ú­Ìªº¤Ñ¤÷¡A¤~¯à¯u¥¿»{ÃÑ¥L¨ºÂײ±ªº·R¡F«H®{¬J¬O¥Lªº¨à¤k¡A´N¦³«OÃÒ¥i¥H±oµÛ¥Lªº¬ü·N¡A©M±N¨Ó¦b¤Ñ°êùتº¦ì¸m¡C

¯«¤l¡G¯«¦í¦b§Ú­ÌùØ­±
­C¿q°ò·þ¤£¦ýºÙ¦Û¤v¬O¯«ªº¨à¤l¡A¤]±`¦Vªù®{«OÃÒ¡A¥u­n¬Û«H¥L¡A¥L­Ì´N¯à¦¨¬°¯«ªº¨à¤k¡C¬O­C¿q¥ÌÄ@±Ë±ó¦Û¤vªº¥Í©R¡A§Ú­Ì¤~¥i¥H¬Ý¨£¯«ªº·R§¹¥þ¦a¦V§Ú­Ì®i¥Ü¡C¦b³oùØ¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨£¯«»P§Ú­Ì¦P¦b¡C¨à¤l¨ú¤F¤Hªº¼Ë¦¡¡A³o¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«ªº²Ä¤G­Ó¦ì®æ¡A¥H¤@­Ó¹ñ·s©M¿W¯Sªº¤èªk§â¯«©M¤H±a¨ì¤@¶ô¡C§Ú³q±`³o¼Ë°Ý¿p´µªL¡A¦w©Ô·R¥L­Ì¡A¬°¥L­Ì°µ¤F¬Æ»ò³Ì¤jªº¨Æ¡Aµª®×¦U¦³¤£¦P¡C¥L¦³¨S¦³¬°¥L­ÌÄ묹¥Hªí©ú¥Lªº·R¡A¦n¹³¨È§B©Ô¨u¹w³Æ§â¦Û¤vªº¨à¤lÄm¤W¡A¨Ó±µ¨ü¥L¹ï¯«ªº·Rªº³Ì¤j¦ÒÅç¡H¥ì´µÄõ±Ð¹ï¦¹¨Ã¨S¦³¥¿­±ªºµª®×¡C¥u¦³¦b¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«ªº±Ò¥ÜùØ¡A§A¤~¥i¥H¬Ý¨£¯«ªº·R§¹¥þ³Q®i¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡C¥Î¤U­±ªº¸Ü¨ÓÁ`µ²¡G

¤£¬O§Ú­Ì·R¡@¯«¡A¤D¬O¡@¯«·R§Ú­Ì¡A®t¥Lªº¨à¤l¬°§Ú­Ìªº¸o§@¤F®¾¦^²½¡A³o´N¬O·R¤F¡C
¬ù¿«¤@®Ñ4:10

±©¦³°ò·þ¦b§Ú­ÌÁÙ§@¸o¤Hªº®É­Ô¬°§Ú­Ì¦º¡A¡@¯«ªº·R´N¦b¦¹¦V§Ú­ÌÅã©ú¤F¡C
ù°¨®Ñ5:8

¦b­C¿qùØ¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¦³¸o±o³j§Kªº½T«H¡A¤]¨£¨ì¯«¹ï§Ú­Ìªº·R¦³¦h»ò°¶¤j¡C¿p´µªL¨Ã¤£»{Ãѳo¼Ëªº·R¡C·í¥jÄõ¸gÁ¿¨ì¯«ªº·R®É¡A¥L³QºÙ¬°Al-Wahud-¨º·Rªº¤@¦ì¡]Surah 85.14¡^¡A®Ú¾Ú¿p´µªLªº¾ÇªÌ¡A¥¦ªº·N«ä¥u¬O¥L¹ï¨º¨Ç¸ò±q¥Lªº¤Hªí¥Ü±µ¨ü¦Ó¤w¡C¨º¨Ã¤£ªí¥Ü¥L¹ï¤H¦³¥ô¦ó­Ó¤Hªº·P±¡¡A©Î¬O¬°¤Fªí¹F¥L¹ï¤Hªº·R¡A¥LÄ@·N§@¥X¥ô¦óÄ묹¡C|

¦b§Úªº¸gÅçùØ¡A¦³µL¼Æªº¿p´µªL«Ü·Q·P¨ü¯«¦b°ò·þùØ©Ò®i¥Üªº·R¡C¤H¬°¥L­Ì©ÒÄ_¶Qªº¤]¯à§@¥XÄ묹ªº·Rªº¦æ°Ê¨Ó¡A³\¦h¿p´µªL¤]·Q±q³o¨¤«×»{Ãѯ«¡A¨Ãª¾¹D¥L­Ì¥i¥H±oµÛ¥Ã»·³Q²²ÅU¡A©M¬°¯«©Ò·Rªº½T«H¡C¥u¦³¦b­C¿q°ò·þùØ¥L­Ì¤~·|§ä±o¨ì³o·R¡A¬O¥L¦¨´N¤F¦Û¤v©Ò»¡¹Lªº¸Ü¡A´N¬O¤H¬°ªB¤Í±Ë©R¡A¤Hªº·R¤ß¨S¦³¤ñ³o­Ó¤jªº¡]¬ù¿«ºÖ­µ15:13¡^¡C³o¬O§@¨£ÃҮɫܦ³¤Oªº¤@ÂI¡C

¸tÆF¡G¯«¦b§Ú­ÌùØ­±
¬O¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«ªº²Ä¤T­Ó¦ì®æ¨Ï§Ú­Ì¥i¥H»{ÃÑ¡A¬Ý¨ì©M­Ó¤H¸g¾ú±o¨ì¯«ªº·R¡C­C¿q¦h¦¸´£¤Î­n±µ¨ü¸tÆF¡C³o¤£¬O¨Ç¯S§O¤O¶q©ÎªÌ¬OÄݤѪº¯à¤O¡A¥L¬O¯«¦Û¤vªºÆF¦í¦b¤HùØ­±¡A¯«¥H¿W¯Sªº¤èªk¡]¥u¹ï¯u«H®{¦Ó¨¥¡^¿Ë¦Û¦í¦b¤HùØÀY¡C¦b³o¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨£¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«ªº±Ò¥Ü©Ò±a¨Óªº²Ä¤T­Ó¤j¼vÅT¡Ð¡Ð¯«¦b§Ú­ÌùØ­±¡C·s¬ùªº§@ªÌ¨Ã¨Sªá¤ß«ä¥h©w¸q©Î¸ÑÄÀ¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡A­ì¨Ó³o¤@ÂI¤]¤£©_©Ç¡C»{Ãѯ«¡A½T«H¥L¬O¬°§Ú­Ì¡A»P§Ú­Ì¦P¦b¡A¦í¦b§Ú­ÌùØ­±¡A³o´N¬O§Ú­Ì»P¥L«Ø¥ßÃö«Y©Ò»Ý­nª¾¹Dªº¡C¸tÆFµ¹«H®{¯à¤O¥h«öµÛ¯«¸t¼äªº«ß¹L¥Í¬¡¡A¦ý§ó¦³ªº¬O¡A¥L¦b§Ú­ÌùØ­±Åý§Ú­Ì¯à¬¡¬¡ªº¸g¾ú¯«¡C¯«®t¥Lªº¨à¤l­°¥@Åý§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¦¨¬°¥Lªº¨à¤k¡A¤S¦]¬°§Ú­Ì¬O¨à¤k¡A¥L®t¬£¦Û¤vªºÆF¦í¦b§Ú­Ì¤ßùØ­±¡AÅý§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¯u¥¿ªº©I¥s¡uªüª¨¡I¤÷¡I¡v

¦]¦¹§Ú­Ì©I¥s¡G¡uªüª¨¡I¤÷¡I¡v¸tÆF»P§Ú­Ìªº¤ß¦PÃҧڭ̬O¡@¯«ªº¨à¤k¡C
ù°¨®Ñ8:15-16

¬ß±æ¤£¦Ü©ó²Û®¢¡A¦]¬°©Ò½çµ¹§Ú­Ìªº¸tÆF±N¡@¯«ªº·R¼åÄé¦b§Ú­Ì¤ßùØ¡C
ù°¨®Ñ5:5

§Úµo²{¦³¤@­Ó«Ü¦nªº¨Ò¤l¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ³o¤@ÂI¡C¤@¹ï¤Ò°ü¥´ºâ¦¬¾i¤@­Ó«Ä¤l¡A¥L­ÌµÛ¤â¶i¦æ©Ò¦³ªº¦¬¾iµ{§Ç¡A¦ý«Ä¤l¤´¤£ª¾¹D¦Û¤v¤w¦³¤÷¥À©M¤@­Ó·sªº®a¡C·s¤÷¥À¨Ó§â¥L±µ¦^®aùØ¡AÅý¥L¬Ý¨£¦Û¤vªº©Ð¶¡¡A§i¶D¥L³o©Ð¤l¤]¬OÄÝ©ó¥Lªº¡A¤S¥Rº¡¼ö±¡¦a¾Ö©ê¥L¡A¨º®É­Ô¥L¤~ª¾¹D¦Û¤v¤£¦A¬O­Ó©t¨à¡A¤]¿Ë¦ÛÅé·|¨ì³Q¤H©Ò·R¡C³o´N¹³¸tÆF¦í¶i§Ú­Ì¤ßùتº±¡´º¤@¼Ë¡C

¨S¦³§ó¦nªº¤èªk¥i¥HÅý¿p´µªL©ú¥Õ¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¹D²z¡A°£¤FÅý¥L¬Ý¨£¯«¹ï§Ú­Ìªº·R³o¤T­«ªº±Ò¥Ü¡Ð¡Ð³o±Ò¥Ü¤]¬O§¹§¹¥þ¥þªº¡C¥u¦³¦b¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«ùؤ~¥i¥H¦³³o¼Ëªº·R¡A¨Ã¯à¦p¦¹§¹¥þ¦a®i¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡C¦b¥»®Ñªº¤Þ¨¥¤¤¡A§Ú´£¨ì°ò·þ®{ªº¨£ÃÒ¤@©w­n¥H¸t¸g¬°®Ú¾Ú¡A¦b¤T¦ì¤@Åé³oÃD¥Ø¤W§ó¬O¦p¦¹¡C¤£­n¸ò¿p´µªL¥ÎÅÞ¿è²z¾Ú¨Ó°Q½×³o­Ó±Ð¸q¡A¤]¤£­n¥Î¨º¨Ç¤£§¹¥þªº¤Tµ¥©ó¤@ªºÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡©ú§Aªº½×ÂI¡C¥Î³o¾÷·|¥hµ¹¥L­Ì¬Ý¨£¡A¥u¦³¦b­C¿q°ò·þ¨Ó¨ì¥@¤W©ZµM¦a´£¨ì¤÷¡A¤l©M¸tÆF®É¡A³o¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«ªº¦ì®æ¤~³Q§¹¥þ±Ò¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡C¦Ó¤]¬O¦b®É­Ôº¡¨¬ªº®É­Ô¡A¯«ªº·R¤~¦b°ò·þ¨­¤W§¹¥þªí¹F¥X¨Ó¡A§Ú­Ì¤]»â¨ü¤F¯«¯u¹êªº¥»½è¡A³o¤]¬O¬°¬Æ»ò·s¬ùªº§@ªÌ¦b½×­z¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«®É¡AÁ`¬O§âµJÂI©ñ¦b·R³o¥DÃD¤Wªº­ì¦]¡C§Ú­Ì¹ï¿p´µªL¶ÇºÖ­µ®É³Ì¦n¤]³o¼Ë°µ¡C

2.6 ¥jÄõ¸g©M°ò·þ±Ðªº±Ð¸q

¿p´µªL¡G ¥jÄõ¸g«Ü²M·¡§_©w¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡C¯«¬O¿W¤@µL¤Gªº¡A¦Ó«D§A­Ì©Ò¬Û«Hªº¦³¤T¦ì¡C»¡¦w©Ô¦³¥ë¦ñ¬O·¥¤jªºÁ¶Âp¡A¦]¬°¤Ñ¤W¦a¤U©Ò¦³ªº³yª«³£¥uÂkºaÄ£µ¹¯«¦Û¤v¡C

¿p´µªL©Ò¥H¹ï¤T¦ì¤@Å馳³o»ò¤jªº»~¸Ñ¡A­ì¦]¬O¥X¦Û¥jÄõ¸gªº§¹¥þ»~¾É¡C¤T¦ì¤@Åé³o¦rÁöµM¦b¥jÄõ¸gùا䤣¨ì¡A¦ý©úÅã¦a¥¦¬O­n­P¤O¤Ï¹ï°ò·þ®{¹ï¯«ªº¤T­«²z¸Ñ¡A¨Ã¥B¬O¤£ºÞ¥¦¥H¬Æ»ò§Î¦¡¥X²{¡C¥¦À£®Ú¨à´N¨S²z·|°ò·þ±Ð¹ï¤÷¯«¡A¸t¤l©M¸tÆFªº°ò¥»«H¥õ¡A¤Ï¦Ó¤@¶}©l´N»{©w³o¨Ç·§©À¬O±qªü©Ô§B¥b®q¨º¨Ç²§±Ð«ä·Q­l¥Í¦Ó¨Ó¡C

¥jÄõ¸gªº¤T¤H²Õ¡G­C¿q¡A°¨§Q¨È©M¦w©Ô

¥jÄõ¸g«D±`§Ü©Ú°ò·þ±Ðªº¤T¤@¯««H¥õ¡A¨Ã§â¥¦·í¦¨¬O­C¿q¡A¥Lªº¥À¿Ë°¨§Q¨È©M¦w©Ôªº²Õ¦X¡Ð¡Ð¬O³o¼Ë¶¶§Ç¡I¦b¨ä¤¤ªº¤T³B¸g¤å¡A³oÆ[©À³Q©w©Ê¬°¦h¯«½×¤ÎÁ¶Âp¯«ªº¡C²Ä¤@³B¬O¡G

§A­Ì¤£­n»¡¤T¦ì¡C§A­Ì·í°±¤îÂÕ»¡¡A³o¹ï©ó§A­Ì¬O¦³¯qªº¡C¯u¥D¬O¿W¤@ªº¥D®_¡AÆg¹|¯u¥D¡A¶Wµ´¸Uª«¡A¥Lµ´µL¤l¶à Surah 4.171

¦b³oùØ¡u¤T¡v¤@¦r¬Othalathah¡A¤@­Ó«D±`´¶³qªº¥jÄõ¸g¥Î¦r¡A¦b®Ñ¤¤¦@¥X²{¤Q¤E¦¸¡C¥¦ªº·N«ä±`¬O¡u¤T¡v¡A¬O¤£¥i¯à³Q½Ķ¦¨¡u¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡vªº¡C¤£¯à§â¦w©Ô»¡¦¨¬O¤T­Ó¤@²Õªº©R¥O¬O°O¸ü¦b¥t¤@¬q¸g¤åùØ¡A¸Ó¬q¸g¤å­ì¬OÄU«j°ò·þ®{¤£­n¦b¥L­Ìªº«H¥õùظؤj¡C§â¯«ªº¿W¤@©Ê©M°ò·þ±Ðªº¤T¤@¯«§@¤ñ¸û¡A¥jÄõ¸g©úÅã¦a¬O¤£¾å±o°ò·þ±Ðùئ³Ãö¯«¥»Åé¬O¦X¤@ªº±Ð¸q¡C

¥jÄõ¸gªº¥t¤@¬q¸g¤å´£¨ì¨º¤T¦ì³Q»{¬°¬O°ò·þ®{©Ò·q«ôªº¯«¡C¦³½ìªº¬O¡A³o¤T¬q´£¨ì¸Ó¤º®eªº¸g¤å³£¬OÄÝ©ó¿p¨uÀq¼w³Ì«á¦¬¨ìªº¥jÄõ¸g³¡¥÷¡A¬Ý¨Ó¬O¦b¥L¥Í©R«á´Á¥L¤~­º¦¸Å¥¨£°ò·þ±Ðªº¯«¬O¤T¦Ó¬°¤@ªº¡A¦Ó¥L¤S¨S¦³¾÷·|¥h±´¹L¨s³º¤T¦ì¤@Åé¨ì©³¬O¥Nªí¬Æ»ò¡C²Ä¤G¬q¸g¤å¬O³o¼Ëªº¡G

¦k¨¥¯u¥D½T¬O¤T¦ì¤¤ªº¤@¦ìªº¤H¡A½T¤w¤£«H¹D¤F¡C°£¿W¤@ªº¥D®_¥~¡Aµ´µLÀ³¨ü±R«ôªº¡C They speak blasphemy who say that Allah is the third of three. There is indeed no god except the one God. Surah 5.73

¨º¥Î¨Óªí¹F¡uthird of three¡vªº¦r¬Othalithu thalathah¡C¦A¤@¦¸³oùبèS¦³¨ãÅé¦a´£¨ì¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡A¤]¨S·NÃѨì°ò·þ±Ðªº¯«¬O¤T¦Ó¬°¤@ªº¡C¨ä¤À³¥¤]¥u¦b©ó¤@©M¤Tªº¤À§O¡A¨Ã¤£±a¦³¬J¬O¤T¤S¬O¤@ªº·N«ä¡C¦bÄ~«áªº´X¸`¸g¤å¡A¥jÄõ¸g«ü¥X¨ä¥L¨â¦ì³Q»{¬°¬O°ò·þ®{·q«ôªº¹ï¶H¡G

³Áº¸«Û¤§¤l³Á¦è«¢¡A¥u¬O¤@­Ó¨ÏªÌ¡A¦b¥L¤§«e¡A¦³³\¦h¨ÏªÌ½T¤w³u¥h¤F¡C¥L¥À¿Ë¬O¤@­Ó¸Û¹êªº¤H¡C¥L­Ì­Ç¤]¬O¦Y¶ºªº¡C Surah 5.75

½×ÂI«Ü©ú½T¡A­C¿q©M¥Lªº¥À¿Ë°¨§Q¨È³£¥u¬O¤H¡C­C¿qÁöµM¬O¦w©Ôªº«H¨Ï¡A¦ý©M¨º¨Ç¦b¥L¤§«e¥X²{ªº¥ýª¾¨Ã¨S¦³¤À§O¡C¥Lªº¥À¿Ë¤]¥u¬O¦w©Ôªº¸q¹²¡CÁ`ªº¨Ó»¡¡A¥L­Ì³£­n¦YªF¦è¨Óºû«ù¥Í©R¡A©Ò¥H«ç¥i¥H¬O»P¦w©Ô¦Pµ¥ªº¯«©O¡H¥jÄõ¸g©úÅã¦a¬O§â°ò·þ±Ðªº±Ð¸q»~¸Ñ¤F¡A¤T¦ì¤@ÅéÅܦ¨¤F­C¿q¡A°¨§Q¨È©M¦w©Ô¤T¦ìªº²Õ¦X¡C¦³·N«äªº¬O¡A¦w©Ô¦b³oùسº³Q±Æ¦C¦b²Ä¤T¦ì¡C¦b°ò·þ±Ðªº±Ð¸qùØ¡A¤T¦ì¤@Å餤ªº¤÷¦Ü¤Ö¬O±Æ¦b²Ä¤@¦ìªº¡I

¦b·í®Éªºªü©Ô§B¤@±a¡AÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L¸sÅé¦pNestorian©MMonophysitesµ¥¡A¥L­Ì¹ï¯«¡B­C¿q©M°¨§Q¨Èªº«H©À³£¤Q¤À²V¶Ã¡A¦ý»¡¨ì¤T¦ì¤@Åé®É¡A«o±q¨S¦³¹L³o¼Ëªº¤@­Ó²Õ¦X¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£¡A¬°¬Æ»ò¿p´µªL»{¬°§Ú­Ìªº«H¥õ¬O·½¦Û®J¤Îªº¤÷¡A¥À©M¤l²Õ¦X¡A¥ç§Y¶ø´µ¨½´µ¡A¥ì§Æ´µ©M¦óÆF´µ³o¤@®a¡C¨Æ¹ê¥i¯à¬O¡A¿p¨uÀq¼w®Ú¥»¤£¾å±o°ò·þ±Ð«H¥õùؤT¤@¯«¬O¥]¬A¨º´X­Ó¦ì®æ¡A©ó¬OÀH«K§â¥¦©M²§±Ð«H¥õªº¤÷¡B¥À¡B¤l²Õ¦X²V¬°¤@½Í¡C¦pªG¯«¯u¬O¥jÄõ¸gªº§@ªÌ¡A«ÜÃø©ú¥Õ¬°¬Æ»ò¥L·|¥Ç³o»ò¤jªº¿ù»~¡A³o»¡ªk©M°ò·þ±Ðªº±Ð¸q¯u¬O­·°¨¤û¤£¬Û¤Î¡A­nª¾¹D³o±Ð¸q¬O©Ò¦³°ò·þ±Ð¥D¬y±Ð·|¡A¥]¬A¤Ñ¥D±Ð¡B´_­ì±Ð©MªF¥¿±Ð©Ò«ù¦uªº¶Ç²Î¡A´N¬O¸t¤÷¡B¸t¤l¡B¸tÆF¬O¤T¦Ó¬°¤@ªº¥Ã«í¦Ü°ª¥D®_¡C

²Ä¤T¬q¸g¤å»¡¨ì°ò·þ®{ªº«H¥õ¦³¤T¦ì¤£¦Pªº¯«¬O³o¼Ëªº¡G

·í®É¡A¯u¥D±N»¡¡G¡u³Áº¸«Û¤§¤lº¸¼»°Ú¡I§A´¿¹ï²³¤H»¡¹L³o¥y¸Ü¶Ü¡H¡y§A­Ì·í±Ë¯u¥D¦Ó¥H§Ú©M§Ú¥À¿Ë¬°¥D®_¡z¡C¡v¥L»¡¡G¡u§ÚÆg¹|§A¶Wµ´¸Uª«¡A§Ú¤£·|»¡¥X§Ú¤£¸Ó»¡ªº¸Ü¡C¦pªG§Ú»¡¤F¡A¨º§A¤@©wª¾¹D¡C§Aª¾¹D§Ú¤ß¸Ìªº¨Æ¡A§Ú«o¤£ª¾¹D§A¤ß¸Ìªº¨Æ¡C§A½T¬O²`ª¾¤@¤Á«Õ¥Èªº¡C Surah 5.116

¦A¤@¦¸³oùØ©Ò»¡ªº¨â¦ì¯«¬O«ü­C¿q©M°¨§Q¨È¡C·q«ô°¨§Q¨È¬Où°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð©M®J¶ë«X¤ñ¨È±Ð·|¡A¯S§O¬O«áªÌªº¥D­n«H±ø¡A³o¨â±Ð·|¦b¾ú¥v¤W¤@ª½´L±R°¨§Q¨È¬°¯«ªº¥À¿Ë¡C¬Ý¨Ó¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ìªº¹LºA©M²V¶Ã¡Aµ²ªG°µ¦¨¥jÄõ¸gùتº¶Ã¤W¥[¶Ã¡IÁöµM±Ð·|¹ï°¨§Q¨È¤]¦³´L±R©MÆg¹|ªº¦æ¬°¡A¦ý±q¨S¦³°ò·þ±Ð·|·|§â¦oµø§@¤Ñ¦Z¡A©Î»P¤T¦ì¤@Åé²V¬°¤@½Í¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O¹³¥jÄõ¸g©Ò§Î®eªº¨º¼Ë¨Ó¬Ý«Ý¦o¡C

·í¿p´µªL¬D¾Ô¤T¦ì¤@Å骺±Ð¸q¡A¨Ã¥B©Úµ´±µ¨ü¯«¬O¤T¦Ó¬°¤@ªº¡A¬O»P¥jÄõ¸gùØ©ÒÁ¿ªº¤@¦ì½×¤£¦P®É¡A§Ú­Ì´N­n¤Þ¥Î³o¨Ç¸g¤å§@¬°ÃҾڨӤϻé¡A²Ä¤@¡A¥jÄõ¸g§â³o±Ð¸q§¹¥þ²z¸Ñ¿ù»~¤F¡F²Ä¤G¡A¦]¬°¿p´µªL±Ä¯Ç¤F¿ù»~ªº·½ÀY¡Aµ²ªG»~«H§Ú­Ì¬O¬Û«H¤T¦ì¤£¦Pªº¯«¡C

ÁÙ¦³­«­nªº¬O¡A°ò·þ±Ð¯u¥¿ªº±Ð¸q¦­¦b¿p¨uÀq¼w¤§«e¡A¤w¦bªü©Ô§B¤@±a¬°¤H©Ò»{ÃÑ¡C¤@¦ì¦b¤]ªùªº±´ÀIªÌEdward Glasse©ó1888¦~µo²{¤@¥÷¦³Ãö¤Ï®J¶ë«X¤ñ¨È²Îªvªº°O¿ý¡A¸Ó¨Æ¥óµo¥Í¦b¥ì´µÄõ±Ð¦¨¥ß¤§«e¡C¤å³¹ªº¤é´Á¬O¥D«á542¦~¡A¤ñ¿p¨uÀq¼w¥X¥ÍÁÙ¦­¤K¤Q¦~¡C¸Ó¤å³¹¥Hªü©Ô§B¤å¡]·í®Éªºªü©Ô§B¤å¬O¨S¦³ª`­µªº¡^¨ÓŪ¬ORhmn w mshh w rh qls-¡u¡]¦b¤j¯àùØ¡^¨º·O·Rªº¡AÀ±ÁɨȩM¸tÆF¡^¡C¬G¦¹¥i¨£¡A°ò·þ±Ð©ÒÁ¿ªº¤T¦ì¤@Åé¡A¨ä¯u¥¿¥»½è¦­¦b¥jÄõ¸g³Q¼g¦¨¤§«e¤w¦bªü©Ô§B¥b®q¬°¤H©Òª¾¾å¡A¥jÄõ¸gùعï³o±Ð¸qªº§¹¥þ»~¾É¡A¥u¯àÂk©S©ó¿p¨uÀq¼w¥»¤H¹ï°ò·þ±Ð¯«¾ÇªºµLª¾¡C