²Ä¤Q³¹ ´_¿³ªº¥ì´µÄõ¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°ê
   

¦Ü¤µ¬°¤î¡A§Ú­Ì©Ò¯A¤Îªº¸ê°Tªº½T¤Q¤À¦³½ì¡A¦ý±q®Ú¥»¤WÁ¿¡A¦pªG¥ì´µÄõ½T¹ê¬O¼»¥¹¥Î¨Ó§¹¦¨¥L³Ì«á¤Ï«q¯«ªº¥D­n¤u¨ãªº¸Ü¡A¨º¸t¸g¥²µM¬O¥D­nªº¸Õª÷¥Û¡C¸t¸g¹ï©ó¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°êªº¥»½è©Mºc¦¨¬O¦p¦ó´y­zªº©O¡H

¸t¸g¤W¦³¥R¥÷ªºÃÒ¾ÚÃÒ©ú¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°ê±N¥þ³¡¥Ñ¤µ¤Ñªº¥ì´µÄõ°ê®a²Õ¦¨¡C­Y¦³¤H·Q±q²³¦hªº§Æ§B¨Ó¥ýª¾·í¤¤¹ý©³¦a¬ã¨s³o¼Ëªº¦U¨Ò¤lªº¸Ü¡A¨º±N»Ý­n¤@­Ó¤ñ¸û¼sªxªº¬ã¨s¡C¦ý­­©ó½g´T©M§Ú­Ì³o¸Ìªº¥Øªº¡A§Ú­Ì¥H¥H¦èµ²®Ñ©M±Ò¥Ü¿ýªº³¡¤À¸g¤å¬°°ò¦¡A¥u´£¨Ñ¤@¨Ç¦³­­ªº½×¾Ú¡C¾¨ºÞµL¼Æªº©M´¶¹Mªº½×ÂI³£»¡¥¼¨Ó¤@­Ó´_¿³ªº¼Ú¬wù°¨«Ò°êªº¥X²{±N§@¬°¼Ä°ò·þªº¶Õ¤O®Ú¾Ú¦a¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¤µ¤Ñ¤Q¤À²M·¡¦a¬Ý¨ìªº¬O¡A¸t¸g¤¤´£¨ìªº©Ò¦³²Õ¦¨¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°êªº¯S©w°ê®a¥þ³¡¬O¿p´µªL°ê®a¡C«D±`©úÅã¡A³o­Ó¨Æ¹ê¯dµ¹§Ú­Ìªº¥u¦³¨â­Ó¿ï¶µ¡C²Ä¤@­Ó¿ï¶µ´N¬O°²©w¡A¦b¼Ä°ò·þ¨ÓÁ{¤§«e¡A¤j³¡¥÷ªº³o¨Ç¥ì´µÄõ°ê®a±N¸g¾ú­«¤jªºÂàÅÜ¡A²æÂ÷¥L­Ìªº¥ì´µÄõ®Ú·½¡C³o­Ó¿ï¾Ü·|¦³¤@¨Ç°ÝÃD¥X²{¡GÁöµM¦³«Ü¦hªº³ø¾É»¡¾ã­Ó¿p´µªL¥@¬É¦³¤£¤Öªº¿p´µªL­Ó¤HÂà¦V¸òÀH­C¿q¡A¦ýÁÙ¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¯u¥¿ªº¨ãÅé¸ñ¶Hªí©ú³o¨Ç°ê®a¤¤¦³­þ¤@­Ó°ê®a¤j³W¼Ò¦a©ß±ó¥L­Ìªº¥ì´µÄõ®Ú·½¡C¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¥Ø«e³\¦h³o¨Ç°ê®aªº¥ì´µÄõ­ì±Ð¦®¥D¸q¥¿¦b´_µd¡A®u±²µÛ¥L­Ìªº¾ã­Ó¤j¦a¡CµM¦Ó¡A§Ú´¿Å¥¸t¸g¦Ñ®v­Ì´X¦~¨Ó³£¬O»¡¥½¤é¨ÓÁ{¤§«e¡A¥ì´µÄõ§@¬°¤@­Ó©v±Ð±N°ò¥»¤W¥H¥¢±Ñ¦Ó§i²×¡A¨Ã¥BÅܱo§¹¥þ­±¥Ø¥þ«D¡C¥Ø«eªº²{¹ê¡Ð±qªø´Áªº²Î­pÁͶլݨӡЮڥ»¤£¯àÃÒ¹ê³o¤@ÂI¡C

¥t¤@­Ó¿ï¶µ¤~¯u¥¿¬O§ó¦³¹D²zªº¡A§Y§¹¥þ¥i¥H±o¥Xµ²½×»¡¥¼¨Óªº¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°ê¥²±N¬O¤@­Ó¥ì´µÄõªº«Ò°ê¡C¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°ê¤¤©Ò¦³°Ñ»P°ê³£¬O¥ì´µÄõ²Îªvªº¡A³æ¾Ì³o¤@­Ó¨Æ¹ê´N¦Ü¤Ö¨¬¥HÅý¤j¦h¼Æ¸t¸g¾ÇªÌ­Ì©M¥½¥@¾Çªº¬ã¨sªÌ­Ì»{»{¯u¯u¦a«ä¦Ò¥ì´µÄõ¦b¥½¤é·í¤¤©Ò§êºtªº¨¤¦â¤F¡C

¦b¥»³¹¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì±N½T¤Á¦a¦Ò¬d¤@¤U¸t¸g»¡ªº­þ¨Ç²{¥N°ê®a±N¬O¼Ä°ò·þ¥½¤é«Ò°êªº¥D¨¤¡C

¥H¦èµ²ªºÅ³©w

¥ýª¾¥H¦èµ²¦b¹w¨¥¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°ê¥¼¨Ó±N§ðÀ»¥H¦â¦Cªº®É­Ô¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W«D±`©ú½T¦a¦C¥X¤F³o³Ì«á«Ò°êªº¦¨­û°ê¡C¦b¥H¦èµ²®Ñ²Ä38³¹·í¤¤¡A¥H¦èµ²¤@¶}©l´Nª½±µ¥Î¥D­C©MµØµ¹¼Ä°ò·þ©Ò°_ªº¡uºq­²¡v³o­Ó¤£¦P´M±`ªº¦W¦r¨ÓºÙ©I¥L¡Cºq­²³o­Ó¦W¦r¬O±Mªù¹ïº¿¦U¦aªº²ÎªvªÌªº¯S®íºÙ¿×¡C¥¦´N¦n¤ñ¬Oªk¦Ñ©M®J¤Î¡Aªk¦Ñ¬O¥j¥N±M°w¹ï©ó®J¤Î²ÎªvªÌªººÙ©I¡A¦Ó¡uºq­²¡v«h¬O¯S§O¹ïº¿¦U¦a²ÎªvªÌªººÙ©I¡C

­C©MµØªº¸ÜÁ{¨ì§Ú»¡¡A¤H¤lªü¡A§A­n­±¦Vº¿¦U¦aªººq­²¡A´N¬Où¬I¡A¦Ì³]¡A¤g¤Úªº¤ý¡]À³¸Ó½Ķ¬°¦Ì³]©M¤g¤Úªº¤ý¡^µo¹w¨¥§ðÀ»¥L¡A»¡¥D­C©MµØ¦p¦¹»¡¡Aù¬I¡A¦Ì³]¡A¤g¤Úªº¤ýºq­²¡]À³¸Ó½Ķ¬°¦Ì³]©M¤g¤Úªº¤ý¡^ªü¡A§Ú»P§A¬°¼Ä¡C§Ú¥²¥Î¹_¤l¹_¦í§Aªº¸|ÀU¡A½ÕÂà§A¡A±N§A©M§Aªº­x§L¡A°¨¤Ç¡A°¨§L±a¥X¨Ó¡A³£©Ü±¾¾ã»ô¡A¦¨¤F¤j¶¤¡A¦³¤j¤p¬ÞµP¡A¦U®³¤M¼C¡Cªi´µ¤H¡A¥j¹ê¤H¡A©M¥±¤H¡]¤S§@§Q¤ñ¨È¤H¡^¡A¦U®³¬ÞµP¡AÀY¤WÀ¹²¯¡CºqÁN¤H©M¥Lªº­x¶¤¡A¥_¤è·¥³Bªºªû­{º¿±Ú©M¥Lªº­x¶¤¡A³o³\¦h°êªº¥Á³£¦PµÛ§A¡C¨º»E¶°¨ì§A³oùتº¦U¶¤³£·í·Ç³Æ¡C§A¦Û¤v¤]­n·Ç³Æ¡A§@¥L­Ìªº¤j«Ó¡C¡]¥H¦èµ²®Ñ38¡G1¡Ð7¡^

§Ú«Øij§A¥´¶}¸t¸g¡AºCºC¦a§â¥H¦èµ²®Ñ²Ä38³¹±qÀY¨ì§ÀŪ¤@¹M¡C¥H¦èµ²¹ï·í¤µ¥H¦â¦Cªº´y­z¨ä©ú½T©Ê¬O¤Q¤ÀÅå¤Hªº¡C¥H¦èµ²¦b¹w¨¥¼Ä°ò·þ®É»¡¡A¡u¨ì¥½«á¤§¦~¡A§A¥²«I¥Ç²æÂ÷¤M¼C±q¦C°ê¦¬¦^¤§¦a¡A¨ì¥H¦â¦C±`¤[¯î²Dªº¤s¤W¡v¡C¥H¦â¦C³Q´y­z¦¨¡u±q«e¯î²D¡A²{¦b¦³¤H©~¦í¥B¬¹¯b°]³fÂ×´I¤§¦a¡v¡C«Ü²M·¡¡A¥H¦èµ²³o¸Ì»¡ªº´N¬O¤µ¤Ñªº¥H¦â¦C¡C

©Ò¥H¡A¥H¦èµ²©ú½T¦aµ¹§Ú­Ì¦C¥X¤F°Ñ»P¥Hºq­²¬°­ºªº«I²¤¥H¦â¦Cªº°ê®aªº¦W¦r¡C«ö¶¶§Ç¡A¥¦­Ì¨Ì¦¸¬Oº¿¦U¡A¦Ì³]¡A¤g¤Ú¡Aªi´µ¡A¥j¹ê¡A¥±¡AºqÁN©Mªû­{º¿¡AÁÙ¦³¡u¦PµÛ§Aªº³\¦h°ê¡v¡C

ºq­²´N¬O¼Ä°ò·þ¶Ü¡H

¦b¹w¨¥¦Ñ®v©M¸t¸g¾ÇªÌ¤¤¶¡¡A¹ï©óºq­²ªº¨­¥÷©M¥L»â¾Éªº·ù°êªº¨­¥÷¤è­±¦s¦b¤Àª[¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦b¹L¥hªº´X¤Q¦~¥H¨Ó¡A¤j¦h¼Æ¤HªºÆ[ÂI»{¬°¥H¦èµ²®Ñ38¦Ü39³¹¤¤©Ò´y­zªº¦U°êÁp¦X«I²¤­x¨Ã¤£¬O¼Ä°ò·þªº­x¶¤¡A¦Ó¬O¥Ñ¨ä¥L¤@¦ì¥@¬ÉÅQ¥D»â¾Éªº¥t¤@¤ä­x¶¤¡C§Ú­Ó¤H¤Ï¹ï»¡ºq­²¬O¤£¦P©ó¼Ä°ò·þªº¥t¤@­Ó¤H¡C¬°¬Æ»ò³o¼Ë»¡©O¡A¦pªG­n¦Ò¬d©Ò¦³ªº¦U¤è­±²z¥Ñªº¸Ü¨º¥i¥H¼g¦¨¤@¥»¤p®Ñ¤F¡A²´¤U¡A§Ú­Ì¶È¶È¬O«D±`²­n¦a¦Ò¬d¬°¬Æ»ò§Ú»{¬°³oºØ»¡ªk¬O¯¸¤£¦í¸}ªº¨â­Ó¥D­n²z¥Ñ¡C

°£¤Fºq­²¨S¦³§Oªº

¸t¸g¤¤¦³¨â³B¦a¤è©ú½T´£¨ì¤Fºq­²©Mº¿¦U¡Cºq­²¤£¦ý¦b¥H¦èµ²®Ñ¤¤¥X²{¹L¡A¦Ó¥B¦b±Ò¥Ü¿ý¤¤¤]´£¨ì¹L¡CÅý§Ú­Ì¬Ý¬Ý±Ò¥Ü¿ý¤¤¬O«ç»ò¼gªº¡G

¨º¤@¤d¦~§¹¤F¡A¼»¥¹¥²±qºÊ¨c¸Ì³QÄÀ©ñ¡A¥X¨Ó­n°g´b¦a¤W¥|¤èªº¦C°ê¡A´N¬Oºq­²©Mº¿¦U¡A¥s¥L­Ì»E¶°ª§¾Ô¡C¥L­Ìªº¤H¼Æ¦h¦p®ü¨F¡C¥L­Ì¤W¨Ó¹Mº¡¤F¥þ¦a¡A³ò¦í¸t®{ªºÀç¡A»P»X·Rªº«°¡C´N¦³¤õ±q¤Ñ­°¤U¡A¿N·À¤F¥L­Ì¡C¨º°g´b¥L­ÌªºÅ]°­¡A³Q¥µ¦b²¸ÁDªº¤õ´ò¸Ì¡A´N¬OÃ~©M°²¥ýª¾©Ò¦bªº¦a¤è¡C¥L­Ì¥²±Þ©]¨üµh­W¡Aª½¨ì¥Ã¥Ã»·»·¡C¡]±Ò¥Ü¿ý20¡G7¡Ð10¡^

¸t¸g»¡¡A¬Æ¦Ü°ò·þ±q­C¸ô¼»§N¦b¦a¤W²Îªv¤F¤@¤d¦~¤§«á¡A¤´¦³¥t¤@¤ä­x¶¤±N­n²Õ«Ø¡A¥h§ð¥´­C¸ô¼»§N¸t«°¡C³o¸Ì¦A¦¸»¡¨ì¡A³o¤ä­x¶¤ªº»â³S¥s°µºq­²¡A¥Lªº­x¶¤¥s°µº¿¦U¡C¨º¨Ç»{¬°ºq­²¤£¬O¼Ä°ò·þªº¤H¤@©w­n§Ë²M·¡³o­Ó¨Æ¹ê¡A¨º´N¬O³o­Ó¡uºq­²¡v©M¥Lªº­x¶¤¬O¦b²Ä¤@­Óºq­²¦Ü¤Ö±ß¤@¤d¦~«á´_¬¡ªº¡C³o¬O¤@­ÓÃøÂI¡C«Ü©úÅã¡A²Ä¤@­Ó¡uºq­²©Mº¿¦U¡v»P²Ä¤G­Ó¡uºq­²©Mº¿¦U¡v¤£³æ¨É¦³¦P¤@­Ó¦W¦r¡C³o¨âªÌ¤§¶¡¬O¬Û¤¬ÃöÁpªº¡A³oºØÃöÁp©Ê»·¤£¤î©ó³o­Ó«D¦P´M±`ªººÙ©I¡C¨º¨Ç§âºq­²©M¼Ä°ò·þ¬Ý¦¨¬O¨â­Ó³æ¿W¹êÅ骺¤H¥²¶·¯à¸ÑÄÀ¥X¥H¦èµ²®Ñ¤¤ªººq­²©M±Ò¥Ü¿ýªººq­²¤§¶¡ªº¬Û¦ü³B¬O¬Æ»ò¡A¥H­P¥L­Ìªº¦W¦r¤@¼Ë¡C

¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¬°Â_©wºq­²¬O½Ö¡A§Ú­Ì¯u¥¿­n°µªº¤@¤Á´N¬O¬Ý¬Ý¼Ä°ò·þ¬O½Ö¡C«Ü²³æ¡A¼Ä°ò·þ´N¬O¨º´cÅ]ªº¤Æ¨­¡Ð©ÎªÌ¦Ü¤Ö¬O³Ì±µªñ©ó¦¹ªºªF¦è¡C¹ê»Ú¤W¦³ªº¸t¸g¸g¤å±qÁ¿¼»¥¹ÂàÁ¿¨ì¼Ä°ò·þ®É¦n¹³»¡ªº¬O¦P¤@­Ó¤H¡A¨S¦³¤@ÂIÁ_»Ø¡]¤ñ¦p¥HÁɨȮÑ14³¹¡^¡C¨Ã¥B¦p§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ìªº¨º¼Ë¡A¼»¥¹¬Æ¦Ü­n¸ò¼Ä°ò·þ¤@¦P¾Ö¦³³Q¤H±R«ôªº¦a¦ì¡C²¨¥¤§¡A¼Ä°ò·þ¬O¼»¥¹§Q¥Î¨Ó§ð¥´­C¸ô¼»§Nªº¤@­Ó³ÈÀw¡C¦Ü¤Ö¦b±Ò¥Ü¿ý¤¤§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì¡Aºq­²¤]¬O¼»¥¹©Ò§Q¥Îªº¤@­Ó³ÈÀw¡A¨ä§Q¥Îªº¥Øªº¤]¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C®Ú¾Ú¨âªÌ©Ò§êºtªº¨¤¦â©M©Ò°_ªº§@¥Î¨Ó¬Ý¡A±Ò¥Ü¿ý¤¤ªº¼Ä°ò·þ©Mºq­²¥»½è¤W¬O¦P¤@­Ó¤H¡C¥¿¦p·í¼»¥¹±N¦b¥½«áªº¤é¤l¿³°_¤@­Ó¤H¨Ó°õ¦æ¥Lªº¤u§@ªº®É­Ô¡A¼»¥¹¤S¦b¤dÁH¦~¤§¥½¿³°_¤@­Ó¤H¨Ó¶i¦æ¥L¦A¦¸¹ï¯«ªº¤Ï«q¡C³o¨â¦¸·í¤¤¡A¼»¥¹§ðÀ»­C¸ô¼»§Nªº¤Ï«q­x³Q«ü¬Oº¿¦U¡A¨ä²Î»â³Q«ü¬Oºq­²¡C§Ú­Ì¬°¬Æ»ò­n§â²Ä¤@­Óºq­²¸ò²Ä¤G­Óºq­²ªº°ò¥»¥»½è¬Ý¦¨¬O¤£¦Pªº©O¡H¨º¨Ç§â¥H¦èµ²®Ñ¤¤ªººq­²¬Ý§@¬O¼Ä°ò·þªºÄvª§ªÌªº¤H·|µo²{¥L­Ì±Ä¨ú¤F¤@­Ó«D±`¥Ù¬Þªº¥ß³õ¡C

¦pªG§AÁÙ¤£¤Ó«HªA¡A¨º½Ð¬Ý³o²Ä¤GÂI²z¥Ñ¡C¥H¦èµ²©ú½T¦a»¡¥j®Éªº²³¥ýª¾´N¤w¸g¹w¨¥¤Fºq­²ªº¥X²{¡G

¥D­C©MµØ¦p¦¹»¡¡G§Ú¦b¥j®ÉÂǧڪº¹²¤H¥H¦â¦Cªº¥ýª¾©Ò»¡ªº¡A´N¬O§A¶Ü¡C·í¤é¥L­Ì¦h¦~¹w¨¥§Ú¥²±a§A¨Ó§ðÀ»¥H¦â¦C¤H¡C¡]¥H¦èµ²®Ñ38¡G17¡^

¨º°ÝÃD¬O¡A¦pªG¦b¥H¦èµ²¤§«eªº¥H¦â¦C¥ýª¾´N»¡°_¹Lºq­²©Mº¿¦U¡A¨º©Ò¦³³o¨Ç°Ñ¦ÒÃÒ¾Ú¦b­þ¸Ì©O¡H§Ú­Ì«ÜÃø§ä¨ì¥ô¦óªº¸ñ¶H¡A°£«D¹ï¸t¸g§@¤@¨Ç¤j¤MÁï©òªºÂX¥R¡C¦ý¦pªG§Ú­Ì»{¬°ºq­²´N¬O¼Ä°ò·þªº¸Ü¡A¨º§Ú­Ì´N¯à«Ü®e©ö¦a§ä¨ìµL¼Æ¬q²³¥ýª¾¹w¨¥¼Ä°ò·þ¤Î¨ä«I²¤­xªº¸g¤å¡C

ÁöµMÁÙ¦³³\¦h«Ü¦nªº½×¾Ú¤ä«ù³o­ÓÆ[ÂI¡A¦ý§Ú»{¬°³o¤w¸g¨¬°÷¤F¡Cºq­²©M¼Ä°ò·þ´N¬O¦P¤@­Ó¤H¡C²{¦b¡A§Ú­Ì¨Ó¬Ý¬Ý­þ¨Ç°ê®a±N²Õ¦¨ºq­²ªºÁp·ù­x¡C

ù¬I¡H

Son of man, set your face against Gog, of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal; prophesy against him¡KEzekiel 38:2

¡]¤H¤lªü¡A§A­n­±¦Vº¿¦U¦aªººq­²¡A´N¬Où¬I¡A¦Ì³]¡A¤g¤Úªº¤ý¡]À³¸Ó½Ķ¬°¦Ì³]©M¤g¤Úªº¤ý¡^µo¹w¨¥§ðÀ»¥L¡K¥H¦èµ²®Ñ38¡G2¡^

¦³¨Ç¸t¸gªºÄ¶¥»¹ï³o¥y¸g¤å¤¤ªº¡uthe chief prince of¡v³o­Ó³¡¤À¥X²{¤£¦P¡C¦b§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¤¤¡A½Ķ¦¨¡uchief prince¡]¤ý¡^¡vªºµü´N¬O¡urosh¡v¡]ù¬I¡^¡C°ÝÃD¬O¡AÁöµMrosh¡]ù¬I¡^³o­Óµü¤j¦h¼Æ±¡ªp¤U´N¬O§@¡u¤ý¡v©Î¡uÀY¡vªº·N«ä¡A¦ý¦³¨Ç¤Hª§½×»¡¥¦À³·í¬Ý¦¨¬O¤@­Ó±M¦³¦Wµü¡A«ü¥Nªº¬O¤@­Ó¦a¤èªº¦W¦r¡C¨º¨Çı±o¥¦¦n¹³¬O­Ó¦a¦Wªº¤H«h§Q¥Î¡uRosh¡v³o­Óµü¨Ó±À´ú¥¦¬O¤£¬OÃþ¦ü©ó¡uRussia¡v¡]«Xù´µ¡^³o¼Ëªº¤@­Ó°ê®a¡C¥L­Ì³o¼Ë°µªº°ò¥»¥XµoÂI·íµM¥u¬O®Ú¾Ú³o¨â­ÓµüªºÃþ¦üµo­µ¦Ó§@¥XªºÁrÂ_¡C¥H¦èµ²©ú½T»¡ºq­²±N¨Ó¦Û¥_¤è¡A³o­Ó¨Æ¹ê¤]¤ä«ù¤F³o­Ó±ÀÂ_¡Cªº½T¡A«Xù´µ¥¿³B©ó¥H¦â¦C¥H¥_¡AµM¦Ó¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¹ïRosh¤@µüªº³oºØ¸ÑÄÀ¬O¥H¤@­Óµê°²ªº­ì«h¬°°ò¦ªº¡C§Ú­Ì¤£¯à²³æ¦a±q¥j¥N°{±Ú»y¨¥¡]¥»®×¤¤¬O§Æ§B¨Ó»y¡^¤¤®³¥X¤@­Óµü»y¡AµM«á±qºIµM¤£¦Pªº¥t¤@ºØ»y¨¥¤¤¡]¥»®×¤¤¬O¤@ºØ¦­´Áªº´µ³ôªº¯Çºû¨È»y¡^§ä¤@­Ó²{¥N¦W¦r¥h¸ò¥¦«Ø¥ß¬YºØÃöÁp¡A¦Ó¨Ì¾Ú«o¶È¶È¬O¦]¬°³o¨â­Óµü¡uŪ­µ¬O¤@¼Ë¡v¡C

§Æ§B¨Ó»y¡urosh¡v¡]ù¬I¡^¤@µü¦b¸t¸g¤¤¨Ï¥Î¤­¦Ê¦h¦¸¡A¦Ó¥B¨C¤@¦¸ªº·N«ä³£¬O¡uÀY¡A¥D»â¡A³»¦y¡A³Ì¦n¡v©ÎªÌ¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªº·N«ä¡C§Ú­Ìµo²{¦bµS¤Ó·s¦~ªºªí¹FRosh Hashana¡Ð¡u¤@¦~ªºÀY¤@¤Ñ¡v¡Ð¤¤¨Ï¥Îªº¤]¬O¦P¼ËªºµüRosh¡C¦Ó¥B½Ðª`·N³o­Ó¨Æ¹ê¡G´£¨ìªº¤K°ê·í¤¤¡A°£¤F¤@°ê¤§¥~¨ä¥L¦U°ê³£¬O¿Õ¨Èªº¤l®]¡A¥t¤@°ê¬Oªi´µ¡CµM¦Ó¡Aªi´µ¦b¥H¦èµ²¨º­Ó®É¥N´N¬O¤@­Ó«D±`µÛ¦Wªº°ê®a¡A¦]¬°¥H«e¤@ª½¬O²Îªv¾ã­Ó¤¤ªFªºº¿¥N¡Ðªi´µ«Ò°êªº»âÀY¡C²{¦b§â³o¨Ç°ê®a¸ò«Xù´µ¨Ã¦C¡A¦Ó«Xù´µ¦b¥H¦èµ²¨º­Ó®É¥N¬Æ¦Ü¤£¦s¦b¡C²³æ¦a±N¡uRosh¡v¸ò§Oªºµü²V²c°_¨Ó¡A±o¥X¤@­Ó©Ò¿×ªº°ê¦W¡A¥¦¬J¤£¬O¿Õ¨Èªº«á¸Ç¤]¤£¬O·í®Éªº¤@­ÓµÛ¦W°ê®a¡A¨º³o¼Ë°µ·íµM¬O¤£¦X¾Aªº¡C¦p¸t¸g¾ÇªÌMerrill F. Unger³Õ¤h©Ò©Ó»{ªº¡A¡u±q»y¨¥¾ÇªºÃÒ¾Ú¤W§â¡]ù¬I»P«Xù´µ¡^µ¥¦P°_¨ÓµLºÃ¥u¬O°²³]ªº±ÀÂ_¡v1¡C

·íµM¡A¦b§N¾Ô®É´Á¡A³oºØÆ[ÂI¬O¤@ºØ´¶¹MªºÆ[ÂI¡C³\¦h¤Hªº±À²z´N¬O¦]¬°«Xù´µ¬O°¶¤jªº¦@²£¥D¸q¡]µL¯«½×ªÌ¡^ĬÁpªº¡uÀY¡v¡A¨º³o¼Ë¤@­Ó¤Ï¯«ªº«Ò°ê·íµM´N¬O¸t¸g¹w¨¥ªºÀ³Åç¤F¡C¦ý§Ú­Ì¥²¶·«D±`¤p¤ß¡A¤d¸U¤£­n¥Î§Ú­Ìªº°²©w©Î²{¥N¨Æ¥ó¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¸t¸g¡C§Ú­Ì¥²¶·Åý¸t¸g¦Û¤v»¡¸Ü¡C¤£©¯ªº¬O¡A³\¦h¸t¸g¦Ñ®v¤´µM°í«ù³oºØ¸ÑÄÀ¡C»{¬°¥H¦èµ²³o¸Ì©ú½T«ü¥Nªº¬O«Xù´µ¡A³o­ÓÆ[©À¦pªG¤£¬O¤£­t³d¦a¶ÃÁ¿ªº¸Ü¡A¨º¤]¬O¤@ºØÄY­«ªº¾ÌªÅ·Q¹³¡A·íµM¥u¯à§â¥¦·í§@¬O¤@­Ó°ò¦·¥¨äÁ¡®zªº±À´ú¦Ó¤w¡C

¼»¥¹ªº¦ÛÄ@Áp·ù°ê

²{¦b¡AÅý§Ú­Ìų©w¤@¤U¥H¦èµ²©Ò´£¨ìªº¨º¨Ç°ê®a¡C©ú½T´£¨ì¤F¤K­Ó°ê®a¡Gº¿¦U¡A¦Ì³]¡A¤g¤Ú¡Aªi´µ¡A¥j¹ê¡A¥±¡AºqÁN©Mªû­{º¿¡F¨ä¤¤¤C­Ó°ê®a¦b³Ð¥@°O¤¤´£¨ì¹L¡A»¡¥L­Ì¬O¿Õ¨È©M¥L¤T­Ó¨à¤lªº«á¸Ç¡C¸t¸g¾ÇªÌ©M¾ú¥v¾Ç®a¯à°l·¹¿Õ¨È¨à¤l­Ìªº¦W¦r¤Î«á¸Ç¸ò¬Y¨ÇºØ±Ú©M¦a°Ï¬Û¹ïÀ³¡A³o¼Ë´N¯à¥Î²{¥N°ê®aªº¦W¦r¨Ó½T©w¥¦­Ì¡CÁöµM¹ï¬Y¨ÇºØ±Úªº°l®Ú·¹·½¤è­±¦s¦b¤@ÂIÂIª§Ä³¡A¦ý¸t¸g¾ÇªÌ¦b¥L­ÌªºÅ³©w¤¤¦³¤@­Ó¤jÅé¤@­Pªº»{¦P¤Ø«×¡C

¦Ì³]¡]Meshek¡^©M¤g¤Ú¡]Tubal¡^

Ãö©ó¦Ì³]©M¤g¤Ú¡A³o¸Ì§Ú­Ì¦A¦¸µo²{¦³¨Ç¹w¨¥¦Ñ®v¤S§â¥¦­Ìų©w¬°«Xù´µ¡C³\¦h«D±`µÛ¦Wªº¹w¨¥¦Ñ®v±o¥X¥L­ÌªºÆ[ÂI¥D­n¨Ì·Óªº¬O¡G¥q¥iºÖ¸t¸g¡mScofield Study Bible¡n»{©w³o¨â­Ó¡u°ê®a¡v¸ò²{¥N«Xù´µªº²ö´µ¬ì«°¡]Moscow¡^©M¦«ªiº¸´µ§J«°¡]Tobolsk¡^¬ÛÃöÁp¡C°ÝÃDÁÙ¬O¥X²{¦b³o¸Ì¡A§Y³oºØ¸ÑÄÀªº°ò¦¤´µM¥D­n¨Ì¾Úªº¬O¥¦­ÌªºÃþ¦üªºµo­µ¡GMeshedÃþ¦üMoscow¡ATubalÃþ¦üTobolsk¡CÁöµM³oºØ±À²z¥i¯à·|Åý¦³¨Ç¤H«HªA¡A¦ý¥¦¤£³ô¤@À»ªº®zÂI§Ú­Ì¦b¤W­±¤w¸g°Q½×¹L¤F¡C¦P¼Ë¡A°£«D¦³¤H¯à¦X²z¦a±N¤@­Ó¯S©wªºµü°l·¹¨ì¨ä§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº­ì©l·N¸q¡A§_«h³o­ÓÆ[ÂIªº½×¾Ú¬O«D±`¤£¨c©Tªº¡C³oºØ°µªk´N¬Û·í©ó¦b©úÅ㤣²Å¦X¤@¤ù«÷¹ÏªO§Îª¬ªº¦a¤è«oµw­n§â¥¦¶ë¤W¥h¡C

µÛ¦Wªº¸t¸g¦Ñ®v°¨§J§Æ°Ï¬_§J¡]Mark Hitchcock¡^·Ç½T¦a«ü¥X¡A¥H¦èµ²®Ñ27¡G13¤¤©Ò´£¨ìªº¦Ì³]©M¤g¤Ú«üªº¬O»P¥j±Àù¡]Tyre¡^°µ¥Í·Nªº¶T©ö¹Ù¦ñ¡C±Àù´N¬O¦b¤µ¤Ñªº¾¤¤Ú¹à¹Ò¤º¡C¡u³o²ª½´N¤£¥i¯à¡v¡AHitchcock»¡¡A¡u¥j±Àù«ç»ò·|¸ò²ö´µ¬ì©M¦«ªiº¸´µ§J³o»ò»·¦b¥_¤èªº«°¥«¶i¦æ¶T©ö©¹¨Ó©O¡v¡H¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A³o¨Ç¦a°Ï¦b¥H¦èµ²³o­Ó®É¥N¬O§_¤w¸g¤H¤B¿³©ô¡A¤]¬O­È±oÃhºÃªº¨Æ±¡¡C§Æ°Ï¬_§J±o¥Xµ²½×»¡¡G

¹ï³o¨Ç¦W¦rªº¥J²Ó¬ã¨sªí©ú¡A¥H¦èµ²®É¥Nªº¦Ì³]¤H©M¤g¤Ú¤H´N¬O©~¦í¦bÀô¶Â®ü©M¸Ì®ü¦a°Ï¡A¥D­n¬O¥H«n¦a°Ïªº¥j¦Ì³]±Ú¡]Moschi / Mushki¡^©M¤g¤Ú±Ú¡]Tubalu / Tibareni¡^¡C³o¨Ç°ê®a¦b¤µ¤Ñªº¤g¦Õ¨ä¹Ò¤º¡A¤]³\ÁÙ¥]¬A«Xù´µ«n³¡©M¥ì®Ô¥_³¡³¡¥÷¦a°Ï¡C2

¦Ì³]¦ì©ó¤p¨È²Ó¨È¤¤¦è³¡¥j°ê¦ò¨½¦N¨È¡]Phrygia¡^ªþªñ¡A¦Ó¤g¤Ú«h¦ì©ó¤p¨È²Ó¨ÈªF³¡¡C©Ò¥H»¡¨ì¦Ì³]©M¤g¤Ú¡A¨ä¹êÁ¿ªº´N¬O²{¥N¤g¦Õ¨äªº³¡¥÷¦a°ì¡C¤µ¤Ñ³o¦a°Ï¥ì´µÄõ¦û¤ä°t¦a¦ì¡CÁöµM²{¥Nªº¤g¦Õ¨ä¦b¹L¥hªº¤@­Ó¥@¬ö¸Ì¸g¾ú¹L¿E¯Pªº¥@«U¤Æ¡A¦ý´N¦b¹L¥hªº´X¦~¸Ì¤@ª½Åã¥X¦³¨Ç¥­ÀR«o±j¯Pªº¥ì´µÄõ»{¦P·P¦^ÂkªºÁͶաC3

º¿¦U

¹ï©óº¿¦Uªº¨­¥÷¡A¦b¸t¸g¦Ñ®v©M¾ú¥v¾Ç®a·í¤¤¦s¦b¤@¨Ç¤£¦Pªº¬Ýªk¡C¦b½Í¨ìº¿¦U¤H¡]Magogites¡^®É¡A¡m°¨¤Ó¦ë§Q¹ï¾ã¥»¸t¸gªº¥þ³¡µùÄÀ¡n¡]The Matthew Henry Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible¡^¤@®Ñ¤¤¦CÁ|¤F´X­Ó¤£¦PªºÆ[ÂI¡G

¦³¤H»{¬°¥¦­Ì¡]ºq­²©Mº¿¦U¡^¦ì©ó»»»·ªº¿ü¦è¤Ì¡BŶ»Þ¡B©M¡]«n¡^«Xù´µ¤@±a¡CÁÙ¦³¤H»{¬°¥¦­Ì¬O¦b¥H¦â¦C¦aªþªñªº±Ô§Q¨È©M¤p¨È²Ó¨È¡]¤g¦Õ¨ä¡^¤@±a¡C4

¨º¨Ç»{¬°»P¿ü¦è¤Ì¦³Ãö«Yªº¤H¡A³Ì¦nªºÃÒ¾Ú´N¬O¥jµS¤Ó¾ú¥v¾Ç®a¬ù·æ¤Ò©Ò¼gªº¤@¬q¸Ü¡A¡uº¿¦U³Ð«Øªº°ê®a´N¥H¥Lªº¦W¦r¨Ó©R¦W¡A©Ò¥H¸Ó°êªº¤H´N¥sº¿¦U¤H¡A¦ý§Æþ¤H§â¥L­Ì¥s°µ¿ü¦è¤Ì¤H¡]Sythians¡^¡v¡CÃö©ó¿ü¦è¤Ì¤H¡A§Æ°Ï¬_§Jªº»¡ªk¦p¤U¡G

¥j¿ü¦è¤Ì¤H¬O©~¦í¦b¥j¥N¤¤¨È¾î¸ó¥j«Xù´µ«n³¡¦a°Ïªº¤@­Ó«Ü¤jªº¹Cªª¥Á±Ú¡Cº¿¦Uªº«á¥N¬O¤¤¨È°ª­ìªº­ì©l©~¥Á¡Cº¿¦U¦a¦b¤µ¤Ñªºª©¹Ï¤W´N¬O«eĬÁpªº«¢ÂħJ´µ©Z¡B¦Nº¸¦N´µ´µ©Z¡B¯Q§¶§O§J´µ©Z¡B¤g®w°Ò´µ©Z¡B¶ð¦N§J´µ©Z¦@©M°ê¡A¤]³\ÁÙ¥]¬A²{¥Nªü´I¦½ªº¥_³¡¦a°Ï¡C5

«e¿p´µªLWalid Shoebat¤]¦P·N³o­Ó»¡ªk¡CShoebat«ü¥X¡G

¡mSchaff-Herzog©v±Ðª¾ÃѦʬì¥þ®Ñ¡n¡]The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge¡^¤Þ¥Î¥j¨È­z¤HªºµÛ§@¡A»{¬°º¿¦Uªº¦ì¸m¬O¦b¥j¨È¬ü¥§¨È©M¦Ì´£¨È¤§¶¡ªº¼s¤j¦a°ì¡Ð²¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A´N¬O«Xù´µ¥H«n©M¥H¦â¦C¥H¥_ªº¦@©M°ê¡A¥]¬Aªü¶ë«ôæ¡Bªü´I¦½¡B¤g¦Õ¨ä´µ©Z¡B¨®¦Ú¡B¤g¦Õ¨ä¡B¥ì®Ô©M¹F¦N´µ©Z¡C­È±oª`·Nªº¬O¡A©Ò¦³³o¨Ç°ê®a³£¬O¿p´µªL°ê®a¡C6

¦]¦¹¡A¾¨ºÞ²Õ¦¨º¿¦Uªº¬Y¨Ç¯S©w°ê¦³³¡¤ÀºÃ°Ý¡A¦ý¤j­Pªº¦a°Ï½d³òÁÙ¬O·N¨£¤@­Pªº¡C§Ú­Ì»{¬°¥¦´N¬O³B©ó¤p¨È²Ó¨È¦a°Ï¡A¥i¯àÁÙ¥]¬A¤¤¨È³¡¤À¦a°ì¡Ð¤]´N¬O«eĬÁp«n³¡¤@¨Ç¦a°Ï¡C¤µ¤Ñ¡A³o¾ã­Óªº¦a°Ï³£¬O¥ì´µÄõ¥D¾ÉµÛ¡C

¦pªG§Ú­Ì»{¦P¬Y¨Ç¸t¸g¾ÇªÌ§@¥Xªº¥t¤@ºØ¸ÑÄÀ¡A»¡º¿¦U´N¬O±Ô§Q¨È¦a°Ï¡A¨º±¡ªp¤S¦p¦ó©O¡H§Y¨Ï¨Æ¹êªG¯u¦p¦¹¡A¥¦¤]ÁÙ¬O¤@­Ó¥ì´µÄõ°ê®a¡C

¦ý³o¸Ìªº¯u¥¿ÃöÁäÂI¬O¹ï¦Ì³]©M¤g¤ÚªºÅ³©w¡Ð§Ú­Ì¤w¸g°µ¹L¡A³q¹L¥¦­Ì´N¥i¥Hų©wº¿¦U¡C³o¼Ë°µªº²z¥Ñ·½¦Û¥H¦èµ²ªº¸Ü¡G¡uº¿¦U¦aªººq­²¡A´N¬O¦Ì³]©M¤g¤Úªº¤ý¡v¡Cº¿¦U¬O¦Ì³]©M¤g¤Ú¦aªº¡u¤ý¡v¡C§Ú­Ì¤w¸g¬Ý¨ì¦Ì³]©M¤g¤Ú¦ì©ó·í¤µªº¤g¦Õ¨ä¡C©Ò¥H¡A§@¬°¥¦­Ìªº¡u¤ý¡v¡A­Y»{¬°º¿¦Uªº¦ì¸m¬O¦b»·Â÷¥¦­Ìªº§O³B¦a°Ï©Î°ê®a¡A³o¤£¬O«Ü·MÄøªº°²³]¶Ü¡Hº¿¦U¦ü¥G§ó¥i¯à¬O¤g¦Õ¨äªº¤@³¡¥÷©ÎªÌ¬O«eĬÁp¤g¦Õ¨ä¡u´µ©Z°ê¡vªºÁ`ºÙ¡A¦Ó¥BµL½×¥¦¬O¤£¬O±Ô§Q¨È¡A§Ú­Ì¯à©ú½Tªº¤@ÂI¬O¡A¥¦¤@©w¬O¤@­Ó¥ì´µÄõ°ê®a©Î¦a°Ï¡C

³oÂI«D±`­«­n¡C¦]¬°§Ú­Ìª¾¹Dºq­²¡Ð¼Ä°ò·þ¡Ð±N¨Ó¦Ûº¿¦U¦a¡A¦Óº¿¦U¦a¤S¬O¤@­Ó¤Q¨¬ªº¥ì´µÄõ¦a°Ï¡A©Ò¥H¥L·¥¤£¥i¯à¤£¬O¤@­Ó¿p´µªL¡CÁöµM§Ú»{¬°¸U¨Æ¬Ò¦³¥i¯à¡A¯S§O¬O¦b»»»·ªº¥¼¨Ó¡A¦ý«ÜÃø·Q¹³¤@­Ó«D¿p´µªL¦p¦ó²Îªv³o¨ä¤¤ªº¥ô¦ó¤@­Ó°ê®a¡A¦Ü¤Ö¥Lªí­±¤W­n°µ¥X¬O­Ó¿p´µªLªº¼Ë¤l¤~¦³¥i¯à¡C²{¦b¡A§Ú­ÌÄ~Äòų©w¼Ä°ò·þÁp·ù°êªº¨ä¥L¦¨­û¡C

ªi´µ

ªi´µ«Ü®e©öų©w¡C¥»¨Óªi´µ´N¬O²{¥Nªº¥ì®Ô¡C³\¦h¬ü°êªº¥ì®Ô¤H¡A­n¬O°Ý¥L­Ì¨Ó¦Û­þ¸Ì¡A¥L­Ì·|²@¤£µS¿Ý¦a»¡¨Ó¦Ûªi´µ¡C¹ê»Ú¤W¡Aªi´µ³o­Ó¦W¦r¤@ª½¥s¨ì1935¦~¡CÅãµM¥ì®Ô¤]¬O¤@­Ó¿p´µªL¬°¥Dªº°ê®a¡C¥Ñ©ó¥ì®Ô²³¦hªº¦~»´¤@¥N¹ï¥ì´µÄõ¶V¨Ó¶V¦³©ê«è¡A¥ì®Ô°ê¤º¤]µo¥Í¤F¤@¨Ç¥O¤HÅå©_ªºÅܤơA¦ýÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A­nÅý¤j¦h¼Æ¥ì®Ô¤H¥á±¼¨ä¥ì´µÄõªº®Ú®£©ÈÁÙ¤£¬Oµu´Á¥i¯àªº¨Æ±¡¡C7

¥j¹ê

¥j¹ê¬Û¹ï¨Ó»¡¤]¬O¤ñ¸û¦nų©wªº¡C¦³¨Ç¸t¸g½ĶªÌª½±µ§â¥j¹ê¸ÑÄÀ¦¨®J¶ë«X¤ñ¨È¡A¾¨ºÞ³o¼Ë¤£¬O«Ü·Ç½T¡C¥H¦èµ²®É¥Nªº¥j¹ê¤ñ¤µ¤Ñªº®J¶ë«X¤ñ¨È´Â¦è¥_¤è°¾²¾¤F³\¦h¡C¸t¸g¤¤¡A¸g±`§â¥j¹ê»P®J¤ÎÁpô°_¨Ó¡A»¡¬O®J¤Îªº¾F°ê¡G

®J¤Î¦a¥²¯î¼o²Y²D¡A¥L­Ì´Nª¾¹D§Ú¬O­C©MµØ¡C¦]¬°ªk¦Ñ»¡¡A³oªe¬O§Úªº¡A¬O§Ú©Ò³yªº¡A©Ò¥H§Ú¥²»P§A¨Ã§Aªº¦¿ªe¬°¼Ä¡A¨Ï®J¤Î¦a¡A±q±K¹Ü¡]¥_®J¤Î¡^¨ìªü´µ©ô¡]¤µ¤Ñ®J¤Î«n³¡¤@¦a°Ï¡^¡Aª½¨ì¥j¹ê¹Ò¬É¡A¥þµM¯î¼o²Y²D¡C¡]¥H¦èµ²®Ñ29¡G9¡Ð10¡^

¦Ó¥B¡A¥j¹êªº¥t¤@­Ó©úÅã¯S¼x¬O¥¦ªºªe¬y¡C¡]¥HÁɨȮÑ18¡G1¡^

¦]¬°»P®J¤Î¥æ¬É¡A¥¦ªºªe¬y«Ü¥i¯à´N¬Oª`¤J¥§Ã¹ªeªº¤­¤j¤ä¬y¡C·íµM¡A¥H¦èµ²®Ñªº¤W¤U¤å¬O¸ÑÄÀ¥H¦èµ²©Ò«ü­þ¸Ìªº³Ì¦n­I´º¡C¦pªG§Ú­Ì¥´¶}¤@±i¦a¹Ï¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¥§Ã¹ªe±q²{¥NªºÄ¬¤¦°êª½±µ¬y¤J®J¤Îªº«n³¡Ãä¬É¡C¦bĬ¤¦¹Ò¤º¡A¦³¤­±ø¤ä¬y¶×¤J¥§Ã¹ªe¬y¦V¥_³¡¡C¨º»ò°ß¤@¦X²zªº±ÀÂ_¬°¥j¹êÀ³¸Ó´N¬O²{¥NªºÄ¬¤¦¡A±q1989¦~°_¥¦ªº¥¿¦¡¦WºÙ¬°Ä¬¤¦¥ì´µÄõ¦@©M°ê¡CÁöµMĬ¤¦½T¹ê¦³¤@­Ó«Ü¤jªº°ò·þ®{¤Ö¼Æ¸sÅé¡A¦ý¥¦¤´µM¨ü¿p´µªL¦h¼Æ¸sÅ骺²Îªv¡C¤µ¤Ñ¡AĬ¤¦§¹¥þ¬O¤@­Ó¥ì´µÄõÀ£­¢°ò·þ®{¤Ö¼Æ¸sÅ骺¤õ§|¡CĬ¤¦¬F©²ªº®Ö¤ß´N¬O¥ì´µÄõ¥D¸qªÌ¡C§Æ°Ï¬_§J¤@°w¨£¦å¦a»¡¡A¡u¦b©Ò¦³¤Ï¥H¦â¦C©M¦è¤èªº¤³¼Ä¤¤¡A§A«ÜÃø§ä¨ì¤@¤ä¤ñĬ¤¦§ó¨g¼Éªº«l¼Ä¡v¡C¦]¦Ó¡AĬ¤¦³Qų©w¬°¬O¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°êªº¥t¤@­Ó¥ì´µÄõ¦¨­û¡C

¥±

®Ú¾Ú¸t¸g¡A¥±¡]Put©Î§@Phut¡^´N¬O®J¤Î¥H¦èªº¦a°Ï¡C¤µ¤Ñ¸Ó¦a°Ï´N¬O§Q¤ñ¨È°ê¡C§Æþ¤å¤C¤Q¤h¸t¸gĶ¥»¡]Septuagint¡^±N³o¸ÌªºPut½Ķ¦¨Libue¡C²{¥N¤j³¡¤À¾ÇªÌ¦ü¥G³£¦P·N³oºØ¸ÑÄÀ¡CµM¦Ó¡AShoebat»{¬°³s¦P§Q¤ñ¨È¦b¤º¡A¥±ÁÙ¥]¬Aªüº¸¤Î§Q¨È¡B¼¯¬¥­ô©M¬ð¥§´µ¡C¤£ºÞ«ç¼Ë¡A¥¦ÁÙ¬O¤@­Ó§¹¥þªº¥ì´µÄõ¦a°Ï©Î°ê®a¡C

ºqÁN

´X¥G©Ò¦³ªº¾ÇªÌ³£¤@­P»{¬°¡AºqÁN¡u«üªº¬OŶ»Þ³Íº¸¯S¦è¦Ì¨½±Ú¤H¡v8¡C¹ï©óºqÁNªºÅ³©w¡A®û«H·|ªª®vFred Zaspel·Ç½T«ü¥X¡G

ºqÁN¦b¥j¥N¥@¬É´N¬O¤p¨È²Ó¨È¤¤¥_³¡¡]Cappadocia¡A¥d©¬¦h¨ä¨È¡^ªº¦N°¨¨Ó¡]Gimarrai¡^¡AºqÁN¤HÁÙ³QºÙ¬°¦è¦Ì¨½±Ú¤H¡C³o¦ü¥G´N¬O³Ì²³æ³Ì©úÅ㪺¸ÑÄÀ¤F¡C9

©Ò¥H¡AºqÁN´N¬O¦N°¨¨Ó¡A´N¬O¨¯±ö¨½¨È¡]Cimmeria¡^¡A´N¬O¥d©¬¦h¨ä¨È¡C¥d©¬¦h¨ä¨È´N¦b¤g¦Õ¨äªº¤¤³¡¡C³o¤S¬O¤@­Ó¥ì´µÄõ¦a°Ï¡C

ªû­{º¿

Zaspel¦A¦¸«D±`·Ç½T¦a·§¬A¤Fªû­{º¿ªº¨­¥÷¡G

ªû­{º¿ÄÝ©ó¿Õ¨Èªº«á¸Ç¡A¬O¸g¥Lªº¨à¤l¶®¥±©Ò¥Í¤§¤lºqÁNªº¨à¤l¡]³Ð¥@°O10¡G1¡Ð3¡^¡C¨È­z¤Hªº°O¸ü¸Ì§â¥L¼g§@¬OTilgarimmu¡KTilgarimmu¬O¦w¯Ç¦«§Q¨È¡]¤p¨È²Ó¨È¡A²{¥N¤g¦Õ¨ä¡^ªF³¡¤@«°¥«¡A§ó¨ãÅé¤@ÂIªº¸Ü¡A¦pRyrie©Ò»¡¡A¡u¦ì©ó¤g¦Õ¨äªF«n³¡¡A¾aªñ±Ô§Q¨ÈÃä¹Ò¡v¡C³oºØų©w³Q©Ò¦³¤H´¶¹M»{¦P¡C10

¤S¤@­Ó¦a°Ï³Qų©w¡A¥¦´N¦b·í¤µªº¤g¦Õ¨ä¡C

µû¦ô¤K°ê

³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó¡A¦b³Ì«áªºµû¦ô¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì±o¥X¥H¦èµ²©Ò´£¨ìªº¤K°ê¤¤¦³¤­°ê¦ì©ó²{¥Nªº¤g¦Õ¨ä¡A¤]³\ÁÙ¥]¬A°ª¥[¯Á¤s¯ßªþªñ«n«Xù´µªº³¡¤À¦a°Ï©M¤¤¨Èªº¤g¦Õ¨ä»y¨t°ê®a¡C«Ü©úÅã¡A¥D­C©MµØ«ü¤Þ¥H¦èµ²­n¯S§O±j½Õ¤g¦Õ¨ä¡C¨ä¥L¤T­Ó©Ò´£¨ìªº°ê®a¬O¡G§Q¤ñ¨È¡BĬ¤¦©M¥ì®Ô¡A¸ò¤g¦Õ¨ä¤@°_§Î¦¨¤F¥H¦â¦C¶g³òªº¤@­Ó°é¡C¤g¦Õ¨ä¦û¾Ú¤F¥H¦â¦Cªº¾ã­Ó¥_¤è¦a¥­½u¡A¦Ó¥ì®Ô«h½L½õ¥H¦â¦CªºªF¤è¡AĬ¤¦¦b«n¤è¡A§Q¤ñ¨È©~¦è¤è¡C¥H¦â¦Cªº¥|¨¤³Q¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°êªº¥ì´µÄõ°ê®a¥]³ò¡C

ÁöµM³\¦h¸t¸g¦Ñ®v³\¦h¦~¨Ó¤@ª½¹w¨¥»¡±N¦³¤@¤ä¥H«Xù´µ¬°­ºªº«I²¤­x§ðÀ»¥H¦â¦C¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì¸t¸g§¹¥þ¨S¦³ÃÒ¹ê³o­ÓÆ[ÂI¡C¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¥i¥H«Ü¤½¥¿¦a»¡¡A¾ã­Ó§â«Xù´µ©ñ­º¦ìªºÆ[ÂI¬O«Ø¥ß¦b¤@ºØ¤£ÄYÂÔªº¾Ç³N¬ã¨sªº°ò¦¤§¤W¦Ó±o¥Xªºµ²½×¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¹H­I¤F°ò¥»ªº»y¨¥¾Ç¼Ð·Ç¡C¬Û¤Ï¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ìªº¬O¥ì´µÄõ¹ï¥H¦â¦Cªº«I²¤¡A¥D­n¥H¤g¦Õ¨ä¬°­º¡A¦Ü¤Ö¥[¤W¤T­Ó©Î§ó¦hªº¨ä¥L¥ì´µÄõ°ê®a¡CÁöµMÁ`¦³¨Ç¸Õ±´Åý§Ú­Ì»~¸Ñ¸t¸g¤¤ªº¹w¨¥¡A¦ý§Ú­ÌÀ³·í¶È¥H¸t¸g©Ò»¡¬°·Ç¡C¾¨ºÞ¥Ø«eÁÙ¨S¦³¥ô¦óºò­¢ªº²z¥Ñ¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¤g¦Õ¨ä±N¬O¥¼¨Ó¥@¬É«Ò°êªº»â¾ÉªÌ¡A¤£¹L³o¬O¥H¦èµ²©Ò¹w¨¥ªº¡C¦Ó¥B§Ú­Ì±N¬Ý¨ì¡A³o­Ó¹w¨¥¦b¸t¸gªº¨ä¥L¦a¤è¤]½T¹ê±o¨ìÃÒ¹ê¡C

½Ö¬O²Ä¤C©M²Ä¤K«Ò°ê¡H

¦b§Ú­ÌÄ~Äò°Q½×¤§«e¡A§Ú¦b³o¸Ì·Q·PÁ¤@­Ó¤H¡A¥L¹ï§Ú²z¸Ñ³o­Ó°ÝÃD°_¤F«Ü¤jªºÀ°§U§@¥Î¡C¥Lªº¦W¦r´N¬OWalid Shoebat¡C¥L­ì¥ý¬O¤Ú°Ç´µ©Zªº¤@¦W®£©Æ¥÷¤l¡A¤]¬O¡m§Ú¬°¬Æ»òÂ÷¶}¸t¾Ô¡n¡]Why I Left Jihad¡^ªº§@ªÌ¡C§Ú±j¯P±ÀÂ˦¹®Ñ¡A¥i¥H³q¹L¥H¤Uºô§}­qÁÊ¡Gwww.shoebat.com¡C

°£¤F¹ï¤W­±¥H¦èµ²®Ñ38³¹¼g¨ìªº°ê®a¥i¥H©ú½Tų©w¤§¥~¡A±Ò¥Ü¿ý¤¤¤]ÃÒ¹ê¤F¤g¦Õ¨ä¦a°Ï±N¦¨¬°¥¼¨Ó¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°êªºÀY¡CÅý§Ú­Ì¬Ý¬Ý±Ò¥Ü¿ý¤¤ªº¤@¨Ç¸g¤å¡G

§Ú´N¬Ý¨£¤@­Ó¤k¤HÃM¦b¦¶¬õ¦âªºÃ~¤W¡C¨ºÃ~¦³¤CÀY¤Q¨¤¡A¹MÅ馳Á¶Âpªº¦W¸¹¡C¡]±Ò¥Ü¿ý17¡G3¡^

³o¸Ì§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì¤F¼Ä°ò·þªº³Ì«á¤@­Ó¡uÃ~¡v«Ò°ê¡C¨ºÃ~¦³¤CÀY¤Q¨¤¡C§Ú­Ì¤w¸g±q¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¤¤±oª¾¤Q¨¤¥Nªí¤F²Õ¦¨¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°êªº¤Q­Ó°ê®a©Î§g¤ý¡C¦ý¤CÀY¥Nªíªº´N¬O¾ã­Ó¾ú¥v¤W¥X²{¹Lªº¤C­Ó«Ò°ê¡A³o¨Ç«Ò°ê¹w¥ÜµÛ³Ì«á«Ò°êªº¨ì¨Ó¡C³q±`¡A¨C¦¸·í¸t¸gµ¹¥Xªº¹w¨¥¬O¥Î¶H¼x¤âªk¨Óªí¹Fªº¡A¦b»â·|¨ä¶H¼x·N¸q®É¤£¬O¨º»ò®e©ö®É¡A¸t¸g´N¬°§Ú­ÌÄÄ©ú¤F¶H¼x·N¸q¨Ã¸ÑÄÀ¤F³o¸`¸g¤å¡G

´¼¼zªº¤ß¦b¦¹¥i¥H«ä·Q¡C¨º¤CÀY´N¬O¤k¤H©Ò§¤ªº¤C®y¤s¡A¤S¬O¤C¦ì¤ý¡C¤­¦ì¤w¸g¶É­Ë¤F¡A¤@¦ìÁÙ¦b¡A¤@¦ìÁÙ¨S¦³¨Ó¨ì¡C¥L¨Óªº®É­Ô¡A¥²¶·¼È®É¦s¯d¡C¨º¥ý«e¦³¡A¦p¤µ¨S¦³ªºÃ~¡A´N¬O²Ä¤K¦ì¡C¥L¤]©M¨º¤C¦ì¦P¦C¡A¨Ã¥BÂk©ó¨I²_¡C¡]±Ò¥Ü¿ý17¡G9¡Ð11¡^

²{¦b¨º¤CÀYºÙ¬°¤C®y¤s¡C¸t¸g¸g±`¥Î¤s§@¬°¶H¼x¥Nªí¤ý°ê©Î«Ò°ê¡C¦ý³o¸`¸g¤åµ¹§Ú­Ì³Ì­«­nªº«H®§´N¬OÅý§Ú­Ì¬}¹î¨ì³o­Ó¨Æ¹ê¡A§Y¦b­C¿q¦AÁ{¤§«e¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¤w¸g¦s¦b¹LÁ`¦@¦³¤K­Óªº¡uÃ~¡v«Ò°ê¡C²Ä¤K­Ó«Ò°ê±N¥Ñ¼Ä°ò·þ¨Ó²Îªv¡C³o¬q¸g¤å¦p¦ó¯àÀ°§U§Ú­Ì¬}¹î¥X³Ì«áªº¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°ê©O¡H­º¥ý¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì¦b¼g®Ñ«Hµ¹¬ù¿«ªº¨º­Ó®É¥N¡A¨ä¤¤¦³¤­­Ó«Ò°ê¤w¸g·À¤`¡C¡u¤­¦ì¤w¸g¶É­Ë¤F¡v³o¥y¸Ü¥i¥H¬Ý¥X³oÂI¡C¸t¸g¦Ñ®v­Ì´¶¹M»{¦Pªº³o¤­­Ó«Ò°ê¤À§O¬O¡G

¡P ®J¤Î«Ò°ê

¡P ¨È­z«Ò°ê

¡P ¤Ú¤ñ­Û«Ò°ê

¡P ªi´µ«Ò°ê

¡P §Æþ«Ò°ê

³o¤­­Ó¤§«á¡A¤Ñ¨Ï§i¶D¬ù¿«»¡¦³¤@­Ó«Ò°ê¡uÁÙ¦b¡v¡C¦b¬ù¿«¼g±Ò¥Ü¿ýªº¨º­Ó®É­Ô¡Aù°¨¡uÁÙ¦b¡v¡C¥¦²ÎªvµÛ¤¤ªF¡B¥_«D©M¤j¶ôªº¼Ú¬w¡C©Ò¥H¡A³o²Ä¤»«Ò°ê´N¬Où°¨«Ò°ê¡C¤U¤@­Ó«Ò°ê·íµM´N¬O²Ä¤C­Ó¡A²Ä¤K­Ó±N¬O¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°ê¡C©Ò¥H²Ä¤C«Ò°ê´N¬O§Ú­Ì»Ý­nų§Oªº«Ò°ê¡C®Ú¾Ú¤W­±ªº¸g¤å¡A²Ä¤K«Ò°ê±N¬O²Ä¤C«Ò°ê´_¬¡©Î´_¿³¤§«áªºª©¥»¡G

¡u¨º¥ý«e¦³¡A¦p¤µ¨S¦³ªºÃ~¡A´N¬O²Ä¤K¦ì¡C¡v

Åý§Ú§ó²M·¡¦a¤À¸Ñ¤@¤U³o¥y¸Ü¡G

¡u²Ä¤CÃ~¡]«Ò°ê¡^´¿¸g¦s¦b¹L¡A¦ý«á¨Ó¤£¦s¦b¡A±N¦b¥¼¨Ó§@¬°²Ä¤K«Ò°ê­«·s¥X²{¡C¡v

©Ò¥H¡A¦pªG§Ú­Ì²{¦b¥¿µ¥«ÝµÛ³Ì«áªº²Ä¤K«Ò°ê¡A¨º²Ä¤C«Ò°ê¬O¬Æ»ò©O¡Hºò±µÃ¹°¨«Ò°ê¤§«á¬O¬Æ»ò«Ò°ê©O¡H

¦]¬°¼w°ê²Ä¤T«Ò°ê¡]¯Çºé¼w°ê¡^·¥ºÝªº¤ÏµS¤Ó¤H¥»©Ê¡A¦³¨Ç¸t¸g¦Ñ®v±À´ú»¡¼w°ê´N¬O²Ä¤C«Ò°ê¡A©Ò¥H¼w°ê±N§@¬°²Ä¤K«Ò°ê­«·s´_µd¡C11

µM¦Ó¡A¸t¸g¦Ñ®v­Ì«ù¦³ªº³Ì´¶¹Mªº«H¥õ¬O»{¬°¼Ä°ò·þ«Ò°ê±N¬O´_¿³ªºÃ¹°¨«Ò°ê¡C¦Ó¹ï©ó³o¤@¾Ç»¡¡A¤]¦s¦b¤@¨Ç©úÅ㪺°ÝÃD¡C²Ä¤@¡Aù°¨´¿¬O²Ä¤»«Ò°ê¡C¦pªGù°¨¬O²Ä¤»¡A¦Ó¥B¤]±N¬O³Ì«á«Ò°ê¡A¨º²Ä¤C«Ò°ê¬O¬Æ»ò©O¡H³o¤@»¡ªk¦³º|¬}¡Cù°¨«Ò°ê¬O²Ä¤»¡AÁÙ¬O²Ä¤C©M²Ä¤K©O¡H¸t¸g¡B©Î¾ú¥v¡B©Î±`Ãѳ£¤£¤ä«ù³oÂI¡C²Ä¤G¡A«e¤»­Ó«Ò°êªº¨C¤@­Ó³£²Îªv¹L¤¤ªF¡A¥]¬A­C¸ô¼»§N¡C³oÂI«Ü­«­n¡C§Ú­Ì¥²¶·®É¨è°O¦í¡A¸t¸g¬O§¹¥þ¥H­C¸ô¼»§N¬°¤¤¤ßªº¡A¤£¬O¥H¬ü°ê¤]¤£¬O¥H¦è¤è¬°¤¤¤ßªº¡C¦b¸t¸gªº¨¤«×¤W¬Ý¨Ó¡A­C¸ô¼»§N¤~¬O¦a²yªº¤¤¤ß¡C³o¤@ÂI¨S¦³¤Þ°_¨¬°÷ªº­«µø¡C¥ô¦ó³ò¶¥H¼Ú¬w¬°¤¤¤ß¡Ð¤ñ¦p¼Ú¬w¦@¦PÅé¡ÐªºÃ¹°¨«Ò°ê¨Ó¦Ò¼{ªº¾Ç»¡¹ï©ó¸t¸g¨Ó»¡³£¬O¤@­Ó¥~¨Óªº·§©À¡C°£«D¸Ó«Ò°ê²ÎªvµÛ©Îª½±µ¼vÅTµÛ­C¸ô¼»§N¡A§_«h¥¦¹ê»Ú¤W¸ò¸t¸g¤Wªº«äºû©w¦¡¬O¦³ÂI¤£·f¬[ªº¡C

²Ä¤T­ÓÃöÁ䪺¤@ÂI¬O¡A§Ú­Ì¥u­n¬Ý¬ÝÀY¤»­Ó«Ò°ê¡A¥i¥Hµo²{³£¬O«e¤@­Ó«Ò°ê³Q«á¤@­Ó«Ò°ê©Ò®ø·À©Î§]¨Ö¡C³o¬O¤@ºØ«D±`¦ÛµMªºÄ~©Ó¡C¦pªG§Ú­Ì¬Ý¬Ý¨C¤@­Ó«Ò°ê¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¥¦­Ì³£²Å¦X¤F³o¨â­Ó¯SÂI¡G¥¦­Ì²Îªv¤F­C¸ô¼»§N¨Ã¥´±Ñ©Î§]¨Ö¤F¥¦­Ìªº«e¥ô«Ò°ê¡C®J¤Î«Ò°ê²Îªv¤F¾ã­Ó®J¤Î©M¥H¦â¦C¡C¦ý¨È­z«Ò°ê¥´±Ñ¤F®J¤Î«Ò°ê¡A¨Ã¥B¦P¼Ë²ÎªvµÛ¤¤ªFªº¤j¤ù¦a°ì¡A¥]¬A¥H¦â¦C¡C³o¤§«á¡A¤Ú¤ñ­Û«Ò°ê¤S¥´±Ñ¤F¨È­z«Ò°ê¡A²Îªvªº½d³ò¬Æ¦Ü¤ñ¥¦ªº«e¥ô§ó¥[¿ñÁï¡A¦Ó¥B¦A¦¸²Îªv¤F¥H¦â¦C¡C¤U­±ªº¼Ò¦¡¦¨¤F¨C¤@­Ó«Ò°êªºÄ~©Ó¼Ò¦¡¡Gº¿¥Nªi´µ«Ò°ê±µ´À¤F¤Ú¤ñ­Û«Ò°ê¡A«á¨Ó¥¦¥»¨­¤S³Q§Æþ«Ò°ê©Ò±µ´À¡F¦Ó«á¤S½ü¨ì§Æþ«Ò°ê³Qù°¨«Ò°ê©Ò±µ´À¡C¨Ì·Ó³o¼Ò¦¡¥¦§â§Ú­Ì»â¨ì¤F²Ä¤C«Ò°ê¡C¬O½Ö¾Ô³Ó¤Fù°¨«Ò°ê©O¡H¬°¤F¦^µª³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A§Ú­Ì»Ý­n²­n¦a¦^ÅU¤@¤Uù°¨«Ò°ê¨S¸¨ªº¾ú¥v¡C·Ç½Tªº±¡ªp¬O«ç»ò¼Ëªº©O¡H

¤½¤¸395¦~¡Aù°¨«Ò°ê¤Àµõ¦¨¨â³¡¥÷¡GªFù°¨«Ò°ê©M¦èù°¨«Ò°ê¡CªFù°¨«Ò°êÅܦ¨¤F§Ú­Ì¼ôª¾ªº«ô¥e®x«Ò°ê¡C¤½¤¸410¦~¡A¦èù°¨«Ò°êªº­º³£²_³´¨ì¤J«Iªº¤é¦Õ°Ò±Ú³¡¸¨¡A³QºÙ¬°¦è­ô¯S¤H¡]Visigoths¡^©ÎªÌ»¡ÆZ±Ú¤H¤â¤¤¡C«Ò°êªº¦è¥b³¡¡þ¼Ú¬w¥b³¡¥]¬A¨ä­º³£¤w¸g²_³´¡A¦ýù°¨«Ò°ê¤´µM¦s¦b¡C«ç»ò·|³o¼Ë©O¡H¥¦¥u¬O§â¥¦ªº­º³£©M¤ý¦ì±qù°¨¾E¨ì¤F§g¤h©Z¤B³ù¡Ð­ì­º³£¥HªF¤@¤d­^¨½ªº¦a¤è¡Cù°¨«Ò°êªº¦è¼Ú³¡¥÷°I±Ñ¤F¡A¦ýù°¨«Ò°êªºªF­±«ô¥e®x³¡¥÷¥H§g¤h©Z¤B³ù¬°°ê³£¡A¤´µMÄ~Äò¦s¬¡¤Fªñ¤@¤d¦~¡Cù°¨«Ò°ê¹ê»Ú¤W¨Ã¨S¦³§¹¥þ°I¤`¡Aª½¨ì«Ò°êªF³¡³Ì«á¦b¤½¤¸1453¦~²_³´¤g¦Õ¨ä¤H¤â¤¤¬°¤î¤~«Å§iµ²§ô¡C¥ì´µÄõ«¢¨½µo¼Ú³Áº¸¥ì¥»«¢¶ð¥¬©ó637¦~¹Ü¨ú¤F­C¸ô¼»§N¡C§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ìªº¬O¥ì´µÄõ«Ò°êªº¦UºØ¹üÅã¡Ð¶}©l©ó²Îªv­C¸ô¼»§N¶W¹L¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¦~¡A¨ì°ª®p®É¬O¥Ñ¤g¦Õ¨ä¶ø´µ°Ò«Ò°ê±µ´À¤Fù°¨«Ò°ê¨Ã²ÎªvµÛ¾ã­Ó¤¤ªF¡C12¤g¦Õ¨ä«Ò°êª½¨ì1909¦~¤~®ø¤`¡C

¦]¦¹¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì°ß¤@²Å¦X³oºØÄ~©Ó¼Ò¦¡¡A¥²µM»{¬°²Ä¤C«Ò°ê¬O¤g¦Õ¨ä¡þ¶ø´µ°Ò«Ò°ê¡C³o·íµM¤]§¹¥þ¹ïÀ³¤F¬°¬Æ»ò¥H¦èµ²¦b¦CÁ|¼Ä°ò·þ¦U°ê®É·|¦p¦¹±j½Õ¤g¦Õ¨ä¤F¡C

«¢¨½µo¬FÅvªº­««Ø

¤g¦Õ¨ä«Ò°ê¬O¥ì´µÄõ«¢¨½µo¬FÅvªº¤ý¦ì¡Cª½¨ì1923¦~¡A¥ì´µÄõ«¢¨½µo¨î«×¤~³Q¥¿¦¡¼o°£¡C¤µ¤Ñ¡A¥ì´µÄõ¥@¬É¥¿´Á«ÝµÛ«¢¨½µo¬FÅvªº«ì´_¡C¸t¸g±Ð¾É»¡¥¼¨Ó¤£¤[ªº¬Y¤@¤Ñ¤g¦Õ¨ä«Ò°ê±N±²¤g­«¨Ó¡G

¤Z¦í¦b¦a¤W¦W¦r±q³Ð¥@¥H¨Ó¨S¦³°O¦b¥Í©R¥U¤Wªº¡A¨£¥ý«e¦³¡A¦p¤µ¨S¦³¡A¥H«á¦A¦³ªºÃ~¡A´N¥²§Æ©_¡C¡]±Ò¥Ü¿ý17¡G8¡^

¨ì¤F¨º®É¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¬Ý±o¨ì¥ì´µÄõ«¢¨½µo¬FÅvªº­««Ø¡C³Ì²×¡A³o­Ó¦ì¸m¤]³\±Nµ¹¤©¤@­Ó¿p´µªL¥@¬ÉºÙ¤§¬°°¨»®­}ªº¤H¡A¦ý³o­Ó¤H±q¸t¸g¤W¬Ý¨Ó´N¬O¤H­Ì©Ò²z¸Ñªº¼Ä°ò·þ¡C

³Æµù¡G

1. Merrill F. Unger, Beyond The Crystal Ball (Chicago: Moody Press, 1974) p. 81

2. Hitchcock, pp, 44,45

3. BBC Roger Hardy BBC Islamic affairs analyst: Islam in Turkey: Odd One Out 26 September, 2003

4. Matthew Henry Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible Ezekiel 38 http://bible.crosswalk.com/Commentaries

5. Mark Hitchcock The Coming Islamic Invasion of Israel (Multnomah, Sisters, Oregon, 2002) p. 31

6. Walid Shoebat, Why I left Jihad, www.shoebat.com, Islam and the Final Beast http://www.answering-islam.org/Walid/gog.htm

7. Ruling Shiites' Influence Eroded by Other Faiths by Ramin Mostaghim Inter Press Service News Agency May 5, 2004

8. http://www.blueletterbible.org

9. Fred G. Zaspel, The Nations of Ezekiel 38 ¡V 39 Who Will Participate in the Battle http://www.biblicalstudies.com/bstudy/eschatology/ezekiel.htm

10. ibid.

11. See for instance, Robert Van Kampen, The Sign (Crossway, Wheaton, Illinois, 1992)

http://www.worldhistory.com/ancientrome.htm