206 INDEX
Manat, 32, 34
Marwa, 92, 146, 181
Mary the Copt, 133
Mathani, 49, 50
Mecca, attack on, 149
Messiah, 45, 166
Mi'raj, 68
Mishnah, 50
Moses, 37, 41, 62
Madinat u'n-Nabi, 62
Muhammad, early days at Mecca, 4; family position, 6, 10; opposition to, 11-14; claims inspiration, 14; miracles demanded of, 17; compromise with idolatry, 33; illiterate prophet, 57-8; failure at Mecca, 67; leaves Mecca, 71; enters Madina, 75; conciliatory to Jews, 77, 80; changed attitude to Jews, 82-7; Islam the only true religion, 84; changes Qibla, 94; adopts pagan customs, 96; persecutes Jews, 99; marries Zainab, 128; plurality of wives, 130; family disturbances, 132; growing power, 135; treaty with Meccans, 138; sends out embassies, 143; attacks Khaibar, 144; conquers Mecca 148; Christians pay jizya, 158; war against Syrians, 157; final words of, 163, 171; result of success, 151, 176; claims immunity, 178; makes Hajj, 180; changes solar to lunar year, 181; ordains Hajj, 182; makes civil and political laws, 187; unlettered prophet, 187; obedience to, 190-3; final warning of, 173, 195
Muhajirun, 74, 76, 116
Munafiqun, 100, 110, 113
Mu'tazilis, 54
Muta, battle of, 5, 146

NAJRUN, Christians of, 157
Nakhla, 60, raid at, 105
Nur-i-Muhammadi, 168

PARADISE, see Heaven
Pilgrimage (Lesser) to Mecca, see'Umra
Pledge, of the tree, 138, 152
Poll-tax, see Jizya
Prophets, God's care of, 39 		QADIANI, 1, 24, 57 
Qainuqa', 98
Qibla, 92, 93, 94
Quraiza, 98, 101
Qur'an, arrangement of, 2; recensions of, 2; appeals to lower instincts, 22; claims inspiration, 44; denial of forgery of, 46; heavenly origin of, 48; unequalled in form, 53; miraculous nature of, 54; sources of, 57; confirms previous Scriptures, 91; change in style of, 194

RAIHANA, 103, 104, 130
Ramadan, fast appointed, 94, 114

SABIANS, 55, 77, 175
Sa'd bin Muadh, 102
Safa; 97, 146, 181
Safiyya, 93, 144
Sakinat, 153
Salatu'l-Khauf, 127
Sanda, 26
Shi'ahs, 110
Soothsayer, 20
Sunna, 26
Suras, arrangement of, 1; character of early ones, 20; of Mecca ones, 73; of Madina ones, 72

TABUK, 153, 157, 160, 164
Ta'if, 35, 61, 157
Tawaf, 180, 181
Trinity, 172

UHUD, battle of, 20; alleged reasons for defeat of, 120-4; martyrs of, 123
'Umar (Khalifa), on verse of stoning, 132
'Umra, 137, 145
Uthman bin Talha, 140
'Uthman, 2

VIRGIN MARY, 39, 40, 168, 172

WALID BIN MUGHAIRA, 10
Waraqa, 10

YATHRIB, city of, 62

ZAID, 60, 128
Zainab, divorce of, 129
Zaqqum, 68
207

LIST OF AUTHORITIES

THE Arabic commentaries of Baidawi, Zamakhshari, Ibn 'Abbas; the Persian commentary by Husain; the Urdu commentaries known as the Khalasatu't-Tafasir, the Qur'an-i-Majid (Shi'ah); Holy Qur'an, a Qadiani commentary in English (published at Woking); and Persian and Urdu translations of verses in the Arabic ones have been used, as well as the Urdu translations of the Qur'an by Nadhir Ahmad and by Ahmad Shah. Traditions by Bukhari, Tirmidhi and other recognized authorities and the works of Muslim historians of repute, and other Islamic books have been consulted. Nöldeke's Geschichte des Oorans; Muir's Life of Muhammad; Margoliouth's Muhammad also referred to. The sources of all quotations are given in the foot-notes.